From 913b8391f82e9c1d3783c7b93cba8e8f9223d60b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Dynamitos <dynamitos15@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2025 21:48:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Fixing some semaphore things

---
 src/Editor/main.cpp                           | 32 +++----
 src/Engine/Asset/FontAsset.cpp                |  2 +-
 src/Engine/Graphics/Metal/Buffer.h            |  2 -
 src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/BasePass.h     | 10 +--
 .../Graphics/RenderPass/DepthCullingPass.h    |  4 +-
 .../Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.cpp  |  2 -
 .../Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.h    | 16 ++--
 .../Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.cpp    | 28 +++----
 .../Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.h      |  8 +-
 src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.cpp     |  6 +-
 src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.h       |  8 +-
 .../Graphics/RenderPass/VisibilityPass.h      |  4 +-
 src/Engine/Graphics/StaticMeshVertexData.h    | 12 +--
 src/Engine/Graphics/VertexData.h              | 16 ++--
 src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Command.cpp        | 12 +--
 src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.cpp     | 83 +++++++++++++------
 src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.h       |  8 +-
 src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.cpp       | 10 ++-
 src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.h         |  1 +
 src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Queue.cpp          |  3 +-
 src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.cpp      | 22 ++++-
 src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.h        | 73 +++++++++++-----
 src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.cpp         |  8 ++
 src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.h           |  1 +
 src/Engine/Scene/LightEnvironment.cpp         |  4 +-
 25 files changed, 236 insertions(+), 139 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/Editor/main.cpp b/src/Editor/main.cpp
index 8648159..036d38f 100644
--- a/src/Editor/main.cpp
+++ b/src/Editor/main.cpp
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ int main() {
         // AssetImporter::importTexture(TextureImportArgs{
         //    .filePath = sourcePath / "import/textures/wgen.png",
         //});
-        //AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
+        // AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
         //    .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/after-the-rain-vr-sound/source/Whitechapel.glb",
         //    .importPath = "Whitechapel",
         //});
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ int main() {
         //    .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/box.glb",
         //    .importPath = "",
         //});
-        //AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
-        //    .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/rttest.glb",
-        //    .importPath = "",
-        //});
+        AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
+            .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/rttest.glb",
+            .importPath = "",
+        });
         //AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
         //    .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/town_hall.glb",
         //    .importPath = "",
@@ -137,16 +137,16 @@ int main() {
             .preferredFormat = Gfx::SE_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB,
         };
         auto window = windowManager->addWindow(graphics, mainWindowInfo);
-         ViewportCreateInfo sceneViewInfo = {
-             .dimensions =
-                 {
-                     .size = {1920, 1080},
-                     .offset = {0, 0},
-                 },
-             .numSamples = Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT,
-         };
-         OGameView sceneView = new Editor::PlayView(graphics, window, sceneViewInfo, binaryPath.generic_string());
-         sceneView->setFocused();
+        ViewportCreateInfo sceneViewInfo = {
+            .dimensions =
+                {
+                    .size = {1920, 1080},
+                    .offset = {0, 0},
+                },
+            .numSamples = Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT,
+        };
+        OGameView sceneView = new Editor::PlayView(graphics, window, sceneViewInfo, binaryPath.generic_string());
+        sceneView->setFocused();
         //OInspectorView inspectorView = new Editor::InspectorView(graphics, window,
         //                                                         ViewportCreateInfo{
         //                                                             .dimensions =
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ int main() {
         //                                                             .fieldOfView = 0,
         //                                                             .numSamples = Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
         //                                                         });
-
+        //
         window->show();
         while (windowManager->isActive() && getGlobals().running) {
             windowManager->render();
diff --git a/src/Engine/Asset/FontAsset.cpp b/src/Engine/Asset/FontAsset.cpp
index d0676c9..4d6709c 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Asset/FontAsset.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Asset/FontAsset.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ UVector2 FontAsset::shapeText(std::string_view view, uint32 fontSize, Array<Rend
 void FontAsset::loadGlyphs(uint32 fontSize) {
     FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(ft_face, 0, fontSize);
     for (uint32 i = 0; i < ft_face->num_glyphs; ++i) {
-        assert(FT_Load_Glyph(ft_face, i, FT_LOAD_RENDER | FT_LOAD_COLOR) == 0);
+        assert(FT_Load_Glyph(ft_face, i, FT_LOAD_RENDER) == 0);
         FontAsset::Glyph& glyph = fontSizes[fontSize].glyphs[i];
         glyph.size = IVector2(ft_face->glyph->bitmap.width, ft_face->glyph->bitmap.rows);
         glyph.bearing = IVector2(ft_face->glyph->bitmap_left, ft_face->glyph->bitmap_top);
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Metal/Buffer.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/Metal/Buffer.h
index 140cf0d..af23e05 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Metal/Buffer.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Metal/Buffer.h
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "Graphics/Buffer.h"
 #include "Graphics/Enums.h"
 #include "Graphics/Initializer.h"
-#include "Metal/MTLResource.hpp"
-#include "Metal/MTLTypes.hpp"
 #include "MinimalEngine.h"
 #include "Resources.h"
 
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/BasePass.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/BasePass.h
index 6383735..be76023 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/BasePass.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/BasePass.h
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ class BasePass : public RenderPass {
     Gfx::PShaderBuffer tLightIndexList;
     Gfx::PTexture2D oLightGrid;
     Gfx::PTexture2D tLightGrid;
-    constexpr static std::string LIGHTINDEX_NAME = "lightIndexList";
-    constexpr static std::string LIGHTGRID_NAME = "lightGrid";
+    constexpr static const char* LIGHTINDEX_NAME = "lightIndexList";
+    constexpr static const char* LIGHTGRID_NAME = "lightGrid";
 
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet opaqueCulling;
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet transparentCulling;
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ class BasePass : public RenderPass {
         float blendFactor;
     } skyboxData;
     Component::Skybox skybox;
-    constexpr static std::string SKYBOXDAY_NAME = "day";
-    constexpr static std::string SKYBOXNIGHT_NAME = "night";
-    constexpr static std::string SKYBOXSAMPLER_NAME = "sampler";
+    const char* SKYBOXDAY_NAME = "day";
+    const char* SKYBOXNIGHT_NAME = "night";
+    const char* SKYBOXSAMPLER_NAME = "sampler";
     PScene scene;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(BasePass)
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/DepthCullingPass.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/DepthCullingPass.h
index 289d3f7..9ac8670 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/DepthCullingPass.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/DepthCullingPass.h
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ class DepthCullingPass : public RenderPass {
     Array<uint32> mipOffsets;
     Array<UVector2> mipDims;
 
-    constexpr static std::string DEPTHTEXTURE_NAME = "depthTexture";
+    constexpr static const char* DEPTHTEXTURE_NAME = "depthTexture";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer depthMipBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string DEPTHMIP_NAME = "depthMip";
+    constexpr static const char* DEPTHMIP_NAME = "depthMip";
     Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment depthAttachment;
     Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment visibilityAttachment;
     Gfx::ODescriptorLayout depthAttachmentLayout;
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.cpp b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.cpp
index 7b27539..7aeb007 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 #include "Math/Vector.h"
 #include "RenderGraph.h"
 #include "Scene/Scene.h"
-#include "Graphics/Metal/Descriptor.h"
-#include "Graphics/Metal/Shader.h"
 
 using namespace Seele;
 
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.h
index 782d50a..e6a3f4d 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class LightCullingPass : public RenderPass {
     static constexpr uint32 INDEX_LIGHT_ENV = 1;
 
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer frustumBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string FRUSTUMBUFFER_NAME = "frustums";
+    const char* FRUSTUMBUFFER_NAME = "frustums";
     Gfx::ODescriptorLayout dispatchParamsLayout;
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet dispatchParamsSet;
     Gfx::OComputeShader frustumShader;
@@ -36,19 +36,19 @@ class LightCullingPass : public RenderPass {
 
     PLightEnvironment lightEnv;
     Gfx::PTexture2D depthAttachment;
-    constexpr static std::string DEPTHATTACHMENT_NAME = "depth";
+    constexpr static const char* DEPTHATTACHMENT_NAME = "depth";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer oLightIndexCounter;
-    constexpr static std::string OLIGHTINDEXCOUNTER_NAME = "oLightIndexCounter";
+    constexpr static const char* OLIGHTINDEXCOUNTER_NAME = "oLightIndexCounter";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer tLightIndexCounter;
-    constexpr static std::string TLIGHTINDEXCOUNTER_NAME = "tLightIndexCounter";
+    constexpr static const char* TLIGHTINDEXCOUNTER_NAME = "tLightIndexCounter";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer oLightIndexList;
-    constexpr static std::string OLIGHTINDEXLIST_NAME = "oLightIndexList";
+    constexpr static const char* OLIGHTINDEXLIST_NAME = "oLightIndexList";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer tLightIndexList;
-    constexpr static std::string TLIGHTINDEXLIST_NAME = "tLightIndexList";
+    constexpr static const char* TLIGHTINDEXLIST_NAME = "tLightIndexList";
     Gfx::OTexture2D oLightGrid;
-    constexpr static std::string OLIGHTGRID_NAME = "oLightGrid";
+    constexpr static const char* OLIGHTGRID_NAME = "oLightGrid";
     Gfx::OTexture2D tLightGrid;
-    constexpr static std::string TLIGHTGRID_NAME = "tLightGrid";
+    constexpr static const char* TLIGHTGRID_NAME = "tLightGrid";
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet cullingDescriptorSet;
     Gfx::ODescriptorLayout cullingDescriptorLayout;
     Gfx::OPipelineLayout cullingLayout;
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.cpp b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.cpp
index 63b13b3..8b6bb0a 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.cpp
@@ -16,30 +16,30 @@ struct SampleParams {
 
 RayTracingPass::RayTracingPass(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, PScene scene) : RenderPass(graphics), scene(scene) {
     paramsLayout = graphics->createDescriptorLayout("pRayTracingParams");
-    /*paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 0,
+    paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
+        .name = TLAS_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
     });
     paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 1,
+        .name = ACCUMULATOR_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
     });
     paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 2,
+        .name = TEXTURE_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
     });
     paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 3,
+        .name = INDEXBUFFER_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
     });
     paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 4,
+        .name = SKYBOX_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE,
     });
     paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 5,
+        .name = SKYSAMPLER_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER,
-    });*/
+    });
     paramsLayout->create();
     pipelineLayout = graphics->createPipelineLayout("RayTracing");
     pipelineLayout->addDescriptorLayout(viewParamsLayout);
@@ -137,12 +137,12 @@ void RayTracingPass::render() {
         .bottomLevelStructures = accelerationStructures,
     });
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet desc = paramsLayout->allocateDescriptorSet();
-    /*desc->updateAccelerationStructure(0, 0, tlas);
-    desc->updateTexture(1, 0, radianceAccumulator);
-    desc->updateTexture(2, 0, texture);
-    desc->updateBuffer(3, 0, StaticMeshVertexData::getInstance()->getIndexBuffer());
-    desc->updateTexture(4, 0, skyBox);
-    desc->updateSampler(5, 0, skyBoxSampler);*/
+    desc->updateAccelerationStructure(TLAS_NAME, 0, tlas);
+    desc->updateTexture(ACCUMULATOR_NAME, 0, radianceAccumulator);
+    desc->updateTexture(TEXTURE_NAME, 0, texture);
+    desc->updateBuffer(INDEXBUFFER_NAME, 0, StaticMeshVertexData::getInstance()->getIndexBuffer());
+    desc->updateTexture(SKYBOX_NAME, 0, skyBox);
+    desc->updateSampler(SKYSAMPLER_NAME, 0, skyBoxSampler);
     desc->writeChanges();
 
     Gfx::ORenderCommand command = graphics->createRenderCommand("RayTracing");
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.h
index 67bdb9c..a22f1fb 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.h
@@ -17,15 +17,21 @@ class RayTracingPass : public RenderPass {
   private:
     Gfx::ODescriptorLayout paramsLayout;
     Gfx::OPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
+    constexpr static const char* TLAS_NAME = "scene";
+    Gfx::OTopLevelAS tlas;
+    constexpr static const char* ACCUMULATOR_NAME = "accumulator";
     Gfx::OTexture2D radianceAccumulator;
+    constexpr static const char* TEXTURE_NAME = "image";
     Gfx::OTexture2D texture;
+    constexpr static const char* SKYBOX_NAME = "skybox";
     Gfx::PTextureCube skyBox;
+    constexpr static const char* SKYSAMPLER_NAME = "sampler";
     Gfx::OSampler skyBoxSampler;
+    constexpr static const char* INDEXBUFFER_NAME = "indexBuffer";
     Gfx::ORayGenShader rayGen;
     Gfx::OAnyHitShader anyhit;
     Gfx::OMissShader miss;
     Gfx::PRayTracingPipeline pipeline;
-    Gfx::OTopLevelAS tlas;
     PScene scene;
 };
 } // namespace Seele
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.cpp b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.cpp
index 8297a42..d019e03 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ UIPass::UIPass(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, UI::PSystem system) : RenderPass(graphic
 
     uiDescriptorLayout = graphics->createDescriptorLayout("pParams");
     uiDescriptorLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .name = GLYPHINSTANCE_NAME,
+        .name = ELEMENT_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
     });
     uiDescriptorLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ void UIPass::beginFrame(const Component::Camera& cam) {
     RenderPass::beginFrame(cam);
     glyphs.clear();
     usedTextures.clear();
+    elements.clear();
     for (auto& render : renderElements) {
         float x = render.position.x;
         float y = render.position.y;
@@ -112,9 +113,6 @@ void UIPass::render() {
     command->bindPipeline(uiPipeline);
     command->bindDescriptor({viewParamsSet, uiDescriptorSet});
     command->draw(4, elements.size(), 0, 0);
-    command->bindPipeline(textPipeline);
-    command->bindDescriptor({viewParamsSet, textDescriptorSet});
-    command->draw(4, glyphs.size(), 0, 0);
     commands.add(std::move(command));
     graphics->executeCommands(std::move(commands));
     graphics->endRenderPass();
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.h
index ddf81f2..55a94ac 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.h
@@ -72,13 +72,13 @@ class UIPass : public RenderPass {
     Array<GlyphInstanceData> glyphs;
     Array<RenderElementStyle> elements;
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer glyphInstanceBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string GLYPHINSTANCE_NAME = "glyphData";
+    constexpr static const char* GLYPHINSTANCE_NAME = "glyphData";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer elementBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string ELEMENT_NAME = "elements";
+    constexpr static const char* ELEMENT_NAME = "elements";
     Gfx::OSampler glyphSampler;
-    constexpr static std::string GLYPHSAMPLER_NAME = "glyphSampler";
+    constexpr static const char* GLYPHSAMPLER_NAME = "glyphSampler";
     Array<Gfx::PTexture2D> usedTextures;
-    constexpr static std::string TEXTURES_NAME = "textures";
+    constexpr static const char* TEXTURES_NAME = "textures";
 };
 DEFINE_REF(UIPass);
 } // namespace Seele
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/VisibilityPass.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/VisibilityPass.h
index e1457d2..69859d1 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/VisibilityPass.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/VisibilityPass.h
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ class VisibilityPass : public RenderPass {
     Gfx::OPipelineStatisticsQuery query;
     Gfx::PTimestampQuery timestamps;
 
-    constexpr static std::string VISIBILITY_NAME = "visibilityTexture";
+    constexpr static const char* VISIBILITY_NAME = "visibilityTexture";
     // Holds culling information for every meshlet for each instance
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer cullingBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string CULLINGBUFFER_NAME = "cullingBuffer";
+    constexpr static const char* CULLINGBUFFER_NAME = "cullingBuffer";
     UVector threadGroupSize;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(VisibilityPass)
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/StaticMeshVertexData.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/StaticMeshVertexData.h
index edba7e7..1e50915 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/StaticMeshVertexData.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/StaticMeshVertexData.h
@@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ class StaticMeshVertexData : public VertexData {
 
 
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer positions;
-    constexpr static std::string POSITIONS_NAME = "positions";
+    constexpr static const char* POSITIONS_NAME = "positions";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer texCoords[MAX_TEXCOORDS];
-    constexpr static std::string TEXCOORDS_NAME = "texCoords";
+    constexpr static const char* TEXCOORDS_NAME = "texCoords";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer normals;
-    constexpr static std::string NORMALS_NAME = "normals";
+    constexpr static const char* NORMALS_NAME = "normals";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer tangents;
-    constexpr static std::string TANGENTS_NAME = "tangents";
+    constexpr static const char* TANGENTS_NAME = "tangents";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer biTangents;
-    constexpr static std::string BITANGENTS_NAME = "biTangents";
+    constexpr static const char* BITANGENTS_NAME = "biTangents";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer colors;
-    constexpr static std::string COLORS_NAME = "colors";
+    constexpr static const char* COLORS_NAME = "colors";
     Array<PositionType> posData;
     Array<TexCoordType> texData[MAX_TEXCOORDS];
     Array<NormalType> norData;
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/VertexData.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/VertexData.h
index a517e75..a4419bf 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/VertexData.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/VertexData.h
@@ -128,27 +128,27 @@ class VertexData {
     Gfx::ODescriptorLayout instanceDataLayout;
     // for mesh shading
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer meshletBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string MESHLET_NAME = "meshlets";
+    constexpr static const char* MESHLET_NAME = "meshlets";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer vertexIndicesBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string VERTEXINDICES_NAME = "vertexIndices";
+    constexpr static const char* VERTEXINDICES_NAME = "vertexIndices";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer primitiveIndicesBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string PRIMITIVEINDICES_NAME = "primitiveIndices";
+    constexpr static const char* PRIMITIVEINDICES_NAME = "primitiveIndices";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer cullingOffsetBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string CULLINGOFFSETS_NAME = "cullingOffsets";
-    constexpr static std::string CULLINGDATA_NAME = "cullingData";
+    constexpr static const char* CULLINGOFFSETS_NAME = "cullingOffsets";
+    constexpr static const char* CULLINGDATA_NAME = "cullingData";
 
     // for legacy pipeline
     Gfx::OIndexBuffer indexBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string INDEXBUFFER_NAME = "indexBuffer";
+    constexpr static const char* INDEXBUFFER_NAME = "indexBuffer";
     Array<Gfx::PBottomLevelAS> dataToBuild;
     // Material data
     Array<InstanceData> instanceData;
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer instanceBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string INSTANCES_NAME = "instances";
+    constexpr static const char* INSTANCES_NAME = "instances";
 
     Array<MeshData> instanceMeshData;
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer instanceMeshDataBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string MESHDATA_NAME = "meshData";
+    constexpr static const char* MESHDATA_NAME = "meshData";
 
     Array<Gfx::PBottomLevelAS> rayTracingScene;
 
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Command.cpp b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Command.cpp
index 1b3dbd9..dd96e4c 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Command.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Command.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ void Command::begin() {
 
 void Command::end() {
     VK_CHECK(vkEndCommandBuffer(handle));
+    signalSemaphore->rotateSemaphore();
     state = State::End;
 }
 
@@ -111,15 +112,14 @@ void Command::executeCommands(Array<Gfx::OComputeCommand> commands) {
 }
 
 void Command::waitForSemaphore(VkPipelineStageFlags flags, PSemaphore semaphore) {
+    bindResource(semaphore->getCurrentSemaphore());
     waitSemaphores.add(semaphore);
     waitFlags.add(flags);
-    // std::cout << "Cmd " << handle << " wait for " << semaphore->getHandle() << std::endl;
 }
 
 void Command::checkFence() {
     assert(state == State::Submit || !fence->isSignaled());
     if (fence->isSignaled()) {
-        // std::cout << "Cmd " << handle << " was signaled" << std::endl;
         vkResetCommandBuffer(handle, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT);
         fence->reset();
         for (auto& command : executingComputes) {
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ void Command::checkFence() {
         pool->cacheCommands(std::move(executingRenders));
         for (auto& descriptor : boundResources) {
             descriptor->unbind();
-            // std::cout << "Cmd " << handle << " unbind " << descriptor->getHandle() << std::endl;
         }
+        signalSemaphore->resolveSignal();
         boundResources.clear();
         graphics->getDestructionManager()->notifyCommandComplete();
         state = State::Init;
@@ -561,11 +561,12 @@ void CommandPool::submitCommands(PSemaphore signalSemaphore) {
     assert(command->state == Command::State::Begin); // Not in a renderpass
     command->end();
     Array<VkSemaphore> semaphores = {command->signalSemaphore->getHandle()};
+    command->signalSemaphore->encodeSignal();
     if (signalSemaphore != nullptr) {
         semaphores.add(signalSemaphore->getHandle());
+        signalSemaphore->encodeSignal();
     }
     queue->submitCommandBuffer(command, semaphores);
-    // std::cout << "Cmd " << command->getHandle() << " signalling " << command->signalSemaphore->getHandle() << std::endl;
 
     PSemaphore waitSemaphore = command->signalSemaphore;
     for (uint32 i = 0; i < allocatedBuffers.size(); ++i) {
@@ -587,8 +588,7 @@ void CommandPool::submitCommands(PSemaphore signalSemaphore) {
 }
 
 void CommandPool::refreshCommands() {
-    for (uint32 i = 0; i < allocatedBuffers.size(); ++i)
-    {
+    for (uint32 i = 0; i < allocatedBuffers.size(); ++i) {
         allocatedBuffers[i]->checkFence();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.cpp b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.cpp
index 25e4bae..0e2c060 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.cpp
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ void DescriptorLayout::create() {
         } else {
             mappings[gfxBinding.name] = {
                 .binding = (uint32)bindings.size(),
+                .type = cast(gfxBinding.descriptorType),
             };
             bindings.add({
                 .binding = (uint32)bindings.size(),
@@ -205,11 +206,11 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateConstants(const std::string& name, uint32 offset, void
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PShaderBuffer shaderBuffer) {
     PShaderBuffer vulkanBuffer = shaderBuffer.cast<ShaderBuffer>();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() || vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
-
     bufferInfos.add(VkDescriptorBufferInfo{
         .buffer = vulkanBuffer->getHandle(),
         .offset = 0,
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PSh
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -231,7 +232,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PSh
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PVertexBuffer indexBuffer) {
     PVertexBuffer vulkanBuffer = indexBuffer.cast<VertexBuffer>();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() || vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
@@ -248,7 +250,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PVe
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -257,7 +259,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PVe
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PIndexBuffer indexBuffer) {
     PIndexBuffer vulkanBuffer = indexBuffer.cast<IndexBuffer>();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() || vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
@@ -274,7 +277,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PIn
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -283,7 +286,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PIn
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateSampler(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PSampler samplerState) {
     PSampler vulkanSampler = samplerState.cast<Sampler>();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanSampler->getHandle()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -301,7 +305,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateSampler(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PS
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER,
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pImageInfo = &imageInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -310,7 +314,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateSampler(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PS
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PTexture2D texture) {
     TextureBase* vulkanTexture = texture.cast<TextureBase>().getHandle();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanTexture->getHandle()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -328,7 +333,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PT
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pImageInfo = &imageInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -337,7 +342,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PT
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PTexture3D texture) {
     TextureBase* vulkanTexture = texture.cast<TextureBase>().getHandle();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanTexture->getHandle()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -355,7 +361,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PT
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pImageInfo = &imageInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -364,7 +370,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PT
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PTextureCube texture) {
     TextureBase* vulkanTexture = texture.cast<TextureBase>().getHandle();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanTexture->getHandle()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -382,7 +389,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PT
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pImageInfo = &imageInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -410,6 +417,42 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateAccelerationStructure(const std::string& name, uint32
 }
 
 void DescriptorSet::writeChanges() {
+    if (constantData.size() > 0) {
+        if (constantsBuffer != nullptr)
+        {
+            graphics->getDestructionManager()->queueResourceForDestruction(std::move(constantsBuffer));
+        }
+        constantsBuffer = new BufferAllocation(graphics, owner->getLayout()->getName(),
+                                               VkBufferCreateInfo{
+                                                   .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+                                                   .pNext = nullptr,
+                                                   .size = constantData.size(),
+                                                   .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
+                                               },
+                                               VmaAllocationCreateInfo{
+                                                   .usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO,
+                                               },
+                                               Gfx::QueueType::GRAPHICS);
+        constantsBuffer->updateContents(0, constantData.size(), constantData.data());
+        constantsBuffer->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+                                         Gfx::SE_ACCESS_UNIFORM_READ_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT);
+        bufferInfos.add(VkDescriptorBufferInfo{
+            .buffer = constantsBuffer->buffer,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .range = constantsBuffer->size,
+        });
+        writeDescriptors.add(VkWriteDescriptorSet{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+            .pNext = nullptr,
+            .dstSet = setHandle,
+            .dstBinding = 0,
+            .dstArrayElement = 0,
+            .descriptorCount = 1,
+            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+            .pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos.back(),
+        });
+    }
+    
     if (writeDescriptors.size() > 0) {
         if (isCurrentlyBound()) {
             std::cout << "Descriptor currently bound, allocate a new one instead" << std::endl;
@@ -420,16 +463,6 @@ void DescriptorSet::writeChanges() {
         imageInfos.clear();
         bufferInfos.clear();
     }
-    constantsBuffer = graphics->createUniformBuffer(UniformBufferCreateInfo{
-        .sourceData =
-            {
-                .size = constantData.size(),
-                .data = constantData.data(),
-            },
-        .name = owner->getLayout()->getName(),
-    });
-    constantsBuffer->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
-                                     Gfx::SE_ACCESS_UNIFORM_READ_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT);
 }
 
 PipelineLayout::PipelineLayout(PGraphics graphics, const std::string& name, Gfx::PPipelineLayout baseLayout)
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.h
index 082f8e4..ec23b38 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.h
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 namespace Seele {
 namespace Vulkan {
 DECLARE_REF(Graphics)
-struct DescriptorMapping
-{
+struct DescriptorMapping {
     uint32 binding;
     uint32 constantOffset;
     uint32 constantSize;
+    VkDescriptorType type;
 };
 class DescriptorLayout : public Gfx::DescriptorLayout {
   public:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class DescriptorLayout : public Gfx::DescriptorLayout {
 
   private:
     PGraphics graphics;
-    uint32 constantsSize;
+    uint32 constantsSize = 0;
     VkShaderStageFlags constantsStages;
     Array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings;
     Map<std::string, DescriptorMapping> mappings;
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class DescriptorSet : public Gfx::DescriptorSet, public CommandBoundResource {
 
   private:
     std::vector<uint8> constantData;
-    Gfx::OUniformBuffer constantsBuffer;
+    OBufferAllocation constantsBuffer;
     VkShaderStageFlags constantsStageFlags;
     List<VkDescriptorImageInfo> imageInfos;
     List<VkDescriptorBufferInfo> bufferInfos;
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.cpp b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.cpp
index 2ff3536..dfcefc1 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.cpp
@@ -142,7 +142,9 @@ Graphics::~Graphics() {
 
 void Graphics::init(GraphicsInitializer initInfo) {
     initInstance(initInfo);
-    //setupDebugCallback();
+#ifdef ENABLE_VALIDATION
+    setupDebugCallback();
+#endif
     pickPhysicalDevice();
     createDevice(initInfo);
     VmaAllocatorCreateInfo createInfo = {
@@ -197,6 +199,12 @@ void Graphics::waitDeviceIdle() {
     getGraphicsCommands()->refreshCommands();
 }
 
+void Graphics::executeCommands(Gfx::ORenderCommand commands) {
+    Array<Gfx::ORenderCommand> commandArray;
+    commandArray.add(std::move(commands));
+    getGraphicsCommands()->getCommands()->executeCommands(std::move(commandArray));
+}
+
 void Graphics::executeCommands(Array<Gfx::ORenderCommand> commands) {
     getGraphicsCommands()->getCommands()->executeCommands(std::move(commands));
 }
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.h
index d47ad24..58cb080 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class Graphics : public Gfx::Graphics {
     virtual void endRenderPass() override;
     virtual void waitDeviceIdle() override;
 
+    virtual void executeCommands(Gfx::ORenderCommand commands) override;
     virtual void executeCommands(Array<Gfx::ORenderCommand> commands) override;
     virtual void executeCommands(Gfx::OComputeCommand commands) override;
     virtual void executeCommands(Array<Gfx::OComputeCommand> commands) override;
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Queue.cpp b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Queue.cpp
index 0f5cb4b..0517a6a 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Queue.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Queue.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ void Queue::submitCommandBuffer(PCommand command, const Array<VkSemaphore>& sign
     VkCommandBuffer cmdHandle = command->handle;
 
     Array<VkSemaphore> waitSemaphores;
+    // wait semaphores get bound to the cmd when they are added
+    // and unbound when the command completes
     for (PSemaphore semaphore : command->waitSemaphores) {
         waitSemaphores.add(semaphore->getHandle());
     }
@@ -40,7 +42,6 @@ void Queue::submitCommandBuffer(PCommand command, const Array<VkSemaphore>& sign
         .signalSemaphoreCount = static_cast<uint32>(signalSemaphores.size()),
         .pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores.data(),
     };
-
     VK_CHECK(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, command->fence->getHandle()));
     command->fence->submit();
     command->state = Command::State::Submit;
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.cpp b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.cpp
index 82aaf56..7cca67d 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 using namespace Seele;
 using namespace Seele::Vulkan;
 
-Semaphore::Semaphore(PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics) {
+SemaphoreHandle::SemaphoreHandle(PGraphics graphics, const std::string& name) : CommandBoundResource(graphics, name) {
     VkSemaphoreCreateInfo info = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
@@ -16,8 +16,26 @@ Semaphore::Semaphore(PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics) {
     VK_CHECK(vkCreateSemaphore(graphics->getDevice(), &info, nullptr, &handle));
 }
 
+SemaphoreHandle::~SemaphoreHandle() { vkDestroySemaphore(graphics->getDevice(), handle, nullptr); }
+
+Semaphore::Semaphore(PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics) {}
+
 Semaphore::~Semaphore() {
-    // graphics->getDestructionManager()->queueSemaphore(graphics->getGraphicsCommands()->getCommands(), handle);
+    for (auto& h : handles) {
+        graphics->getDestructionManager()->queueResourceForDestruction(std::move(h));
+    }
+}
+
+void Semaphore::rotateSemaphore() {
+    for (uint32 i = 0; i < handles.size(); ++i) {
+        if (handles[i]->isCurrentlyBound()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        currentHandle = i;
+        return;
+    }
+    currentHandle = handles.size();
+    handles.add(new SemaphoreHandle(graphics, "Semaphore"));
 }
 
 Fence::Fence(PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics), status(Status::Ready) {
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.h
index b1ca748..8290ecc 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.h
@@ -4,21 +4,67 @@
 #include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
 
-
 namespace Seele {
 namespace Vulkan {
 DECLARE_REF(DescriptorPool)
 DECLARE_REF(CommandPool)
 DECLARE_REF(Command)
 DECLARE_REF(Graphics)
-class Semaphore {
+
+class CommandBoundResource {
   public:
-    Semaphore(PGraphics graphics);
-    virtual ~Semaphore();
+    CommandBoundResource(PGraphics graphics, const std::string& name) : graphics(graphics), name(name) {}
+    virtual ~CommandBoundResource() {
+        if (isCurrentlyBound())
+            abort();
+    }
+    constexpr bool isCurrentlyBound() const { return bindCount > 0; }
+    constexpr void bind() { bindCount++; }
+    constexpr void unbind() { bindCount--; }
+
+  protected:
+    PGraphics graphics;
+    std::string name;
+    uint64 bindCount = 0;
+};
+DEFINE_REF(CommandBoundResource)
+
+class SemaphoreHandle : public CommandBoundResource {
+  public:
+    SemaphoreHandle(PGraphics graphics, const std::string& name);
+    virtual ~SemaphoreHandle();
+
     constexpr VkSemaphore getHandle() const { return handle; }
 
   private:
     VkSemaphore handle;
+};
+DEFINE_REF(SemaphoreHandle)
+
+class Semaphore {
+  public:
+    Semaphore(PGraphics graphics);
+    virtual ~Semaphore();
+    // call when you need a new semaphore
+    void rotateSemaphore();
+    // call when the semaphore is to signal something, for example after using it in vkAcquireImage
+    void encodeSignal() {
+        if (handles.size() == 0)
+            return;
+        handles[currentHandle]->bind();
+    }
+    // call when the semaphore has been signalled
+    void resolveSignal() {
+        if (handles.size() == 0)
+            return;
+        handles[currentHandle]->unbind();
+    }
+    constexpr VkSemaphore getHandle() const { return handles[currentHandle]->getHandle(); }
+    PSemaphoreHandle getCurrentSemaphore() const { return handles[currentHandle]; }
+
+  private:
+    Array<OSemaphoreHandle> handles;
+    uint32 currentHandle = 0;
     PGraphics graphics;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(Semaphore)
@@ -45,7 +91,6 @@ class Fence {
     VkFence fence;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(Fence)
-DECLARE_REF(CommandBoundResource)
 class DestructionManager {
   public:
     DestructionManager(PGraphics graphics);
@@ -59,24 +104,6 @@ class DestructionManager {
 };
 DEFINE_REF(DestructionManager)
 
-class CommandBoundResource {
-  public:
-    CommandBoundResource(PGraphics graphics, const std::string& name) : graphics(graphics), name(name) {}
-    virtual ~CommandBoundResource() {
-        if (isCurrentlyBound())
-            abort();
-    }
-    constexpr bool isCurrentlyBound() const { return bindCount > 0; }
-    constexpr void bind() { bindCount++; }
-    constexpr void unbind() { bindCount--; }
-
-  protected:
-    PGraphics graphics;
-    std::string name;
-    uint64 bindCount = 0;
-};
-DEFINE_REF(CommandBoundResource)
-
 class SamplerHandle : public CommandBoundResource {
   public:
     SamplerHandle(PGraphics graphics, VkSamplerCreateInfo createInfo);
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.cpp b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.cpp
index 0fbdda8..a5f0e18 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ Window::Window(PGraphics graphics, const WindowCreateInfo& createInfo)
     : graphics(graphics), preferences(createInfo), instance(graphics->getInstance()), swapchain(VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
     glfwGetMonitorContentScale(glfwGetPrimaryMonitor(), &contentScaleX, &contentScaleY);
     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
+    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_VISIBLE, GLFW_FALSE);
     GLFWwindow* handle = glfwCreateWindow(createInfo.width / contentScaleX, createInfo.height / contentScaleY, createInfo.title, nullptr, nullptr);
     windowHandle = handle;
     glfwSetWindowUserPointer(handle, this);
@@ -92,11 +93,16 @@ Window::~Window() {
 
 void Window::pollInput() { glfwPollEvents(); }
 
+void Window::show() { glfwShowWindow(static_cast<GLFWwindow*>(windowHandle)); }
+
 void Window::beginFrame() {
     imageAvailableFences[currentSemaphoreIndex]->reset();
+    imageAvailableSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->resolveSignal();
+    imageAvailableSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->rotateSemaphore();
     VK_CHECK(vkAcquireNextImageKHR(graphics->getDevice(), swapchain, std::numeric_limits<uint64>::max(),
                                    imageAvailableSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->getHandle(),
                                    imageAvailableFences[currentSemaphoreIndex]->getHandle(), &currentImageIndex));
+    imageAvailableSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->encodeSignal();
     imageAvailableFences[currentSemaphoreIndex]->submit();
     graphics->getGraphicsCommands()->getCommands()->waitForSemaphore(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
                                                                      imageAvailableSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]);
@@ -111,6 +117,7 @@ void Window::endFrame() {
     swapChainTextures[currentImageIndex]->changeLayout(Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
                                                        Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT,
                                                        Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT);
+    renderingDoneSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->rotateSemaphore();
     graphics->getGraphicsCommands()->submitCommands(renderingDoneSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]);
     VkSemaphore renderDoneHandle = renderingDoneSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->getHandle();
     VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo = {
@@ -130,6 +137,7 @@ void Window::endFrame() {
     } else {
         VK_CHECK(r);
     }
+    renderingDoneSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->resolveSignal();
     currentSemaphoreIndex = (currentSemaphoreIndex + 1) % Gfx::numFramesBuffered;
     currentFrameIndex = currentSemaphoreIndex;
     // graphics->waitDeviceIdle();
diff --git a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.h b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.h
index db81e82..0e50bd2 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.h
+++ b/src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ class Window : public Gfx::Window {
     Window(PGraphics graphics, const WindowCreateInfo& createInfo);
     virtual ~Window();
     virtual void pollInput() override;
+    virtual void show() override;
     virtual void beginFrame() override;
     virtual void endFrame() override;
     virtual Gfx::PTexture2D getBackBuffer() const override;
diff --git a/src/Engine/Scene/LightEnvironment.cpp b/src/Engine/Scene/LightEnvironment.cpp
index c0994cb..52409da 100644
--- a/src/Engine/Scene/LightEnvironment.cpp
+++ b/src/Engine/Scene/LightEnvironment.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LightEnvironment::LightEnvironment(Gfx::PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics)
     });
     layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
         .name = "numDirectionalLights",
-        .uniformLength = sizeof(uint)
+        .uniformLength = sizeof(uint32),
     });
     layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
         .name = "pointLights",
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ LightEnvironment::LightEnvironment(Gfx::PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics)
     });
     layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
         .name = "numPointLights",
-        .uniformLength = sizeof(uint)
+        .uniformLength = sizeof(uint32),
     });
     layout->create();