Seele/src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/ShadowPass.cpp

#include "ShadowPass.h"
#include "Graphics/Enums.h"
#include "Graphics/Graphics.h"
#include "Graphics/Initializer.h"
#include "Graphics/Shader.h"
#include "Math/Matrix.h"
#include "Scene/LightEnvironment.h"
#include <glm/ext/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/matrix.hpp>

using namespace Seele;

ShadowPass::ShadowPass(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, PScene scene) : RenderPass(graphics), scene(scene) {
    shadowLayout = graphics->createPipelineLayout("ShadowLayout");
    shadowLayout->addDescriptorLayout(viewParamsLayout);
    shadowLayout->addPushConstants(Gfx::SePushConstantRange{
        .stageFlags = Gfx::SE_SHADER_STAGE_TASK_BIT_EXT | Gfx::SE_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
        .offset = 0,
        .size = sizeof(VertexData::DrawCallOffsets),
        .name = "pOffsets",
    });
    if (graphics->supportMeshShading()) {
        graphics->getShaderCompiler()->registerRenderPass("ShadowPass", Gfx::PassConfig{
                                                                            .baseLayout = shadowLayout,
                                                                            .taskFile = "DrawListTask",
                                                                            .mainFile = "DrawListMesh",
                                                                            .hasFragmentShader = false,
                                                                            .useMeshShading = true,
                                                                            .hasTaskShader = true,
                                                                            .useMaterial = false,
                                                                            .useVisibility = false,
                                                                        });
    } else {
        graphics->getShaderCompiler()->registerRenderPass("ShadowPass", Gfx::PassConfig{
                                                                            .baseLayout = shadowLayout,
                                                                            .taskFile = "",
                                                                            .mainFile = "LegacyPass",
                                                                            .hasFragmentShader = false,
                                                                            .useMeshShading = false,
                                                                            .hasTaskShader = false,
                                                                            .useMaterial = false,
                                                                            .useVisibility = false,
                                                                        });
    }
}

ShadowPass::~ShadowPass() {}

void ShadowPass::beginFrame(const Component::Camera& camera, const Component::Transform& transform) {
    float cascadeSplits[NUM_CASCADES];
    float splitDepths[NUM_CASCADES];

    float nearClip = camera.nearPlane;
    float farClip = camera.farPlane;
    float clipRange = farClip - nearClip;

    float minZ = nearClip;
    float maxZ = farClip;

    float range = maxZ - minZ;
    float ratio = maxZ / minZ;
    constexpr float cascadeSplitLambda = 0.95f;
    for (uint32 i = 0; i < NUM_CASCADES; ++i) {
        float p = (i + 1) / static_cast<float>(NUM_CASCADES);
        float log = minZ * std::pow(ratio, p);
        float uniform = minZ + range * p;
        float d = cascadeSplitLambda * (log - uniform) + uniform;
        cascadeSplits[i] = (d - nearClip) / clipRange;
        splitDepths[i] = d;
        cascades[i].viewParams.clear();
    }
    cascadeSplitsBuffer->updateContents(0, sizeof(float) * NUM_CASCADES, splitDepths);

    updateViewParameters(camera, transform);
    Matrix4 invCam = viewParams.inverseViewProjectionMatrix;
    float lastSplitDist = 0.0;
    constexpr float cascadeOverlap = 0.1f; // overlap factor to prevent gaps at cascade boundaries
    for (uint32 i = 0; i < NUM_CASCADES; ++i) {
        float splitDist = cascadeSplits[i];

        // Extend each cascade's frustum slice slightly into adjacent cascades
        float overlapNear = (i > 0) ? lastSplitDist - cascadeOverlap * (lastSplitDist - (i > 1 ? cascadeSplits[i - 2] : 0.0f)) : 0.0f;
        float overlapFar = (i < NUM_CASCADES - 1) ? splitDist + cascadeOverlap * (cascadeSplits[i + 1] - splitDist) : splitDist;

        Array<Vector> frustumCorners = {
            Vector(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vector(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vector(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f), Vector(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f),
            Vector(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vector(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vector(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f), Vector(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f),
        };

        for (auto& c : frustumCorners) {
            Vector4 invCorner = invCam * Vector4(c, 1);
            c = invCorner / invCorner.w;
        }
        for (uint32 j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
            Vector dist = frustumCorners[j + 4] - frustumCorners[j];
            frustumCorners[j + 4] = frustumCorners[j] + (dist * overlapFar);
            frustumCorners[j] = frustumCorners[j] + (dist * overlapNear);
        }

        Vector frustumCenter = Vector(0);
        for (uint32 j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
            frustumCenter += frustumCorners[j];
        }
        frustumCenter /= 8.0f;

        float radius = 0.0f;
        for (uint j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
            float distance = glm::length(frustumCorners[j] - frustumCenter);
            radius = glm::max(radius, distance);
        }
        radius = std::ceil(radius * 16.0f) / 16.0f;

        Vector maxExtents = Vector(radius);
        Vector minExtents = -maxExtents;

        for (uint32 s = 0; s < scene->getLightEnvironment()->getNumDirectionalLights(); ++s) {
            Vector lightDir = glm::normalize(scene->getLightEnvironment()->getDirectionalLight(s).direction);
            Vector cameraPos = frustumCenter - lightDir * (100.0f * -minExtents.z);
            Matrix4 viewMatrix = glm::lookAt(cameraPos, frustumCenter, Vector(0, 1, 0));
            Matrix4 projectionMatrix =
                orthographicProjection(minExtents.x, maxExtents.x, minExtents.y, maxExtents.y, 0.0f, maxExtents.z - (100.0f * minExtents.z));
            Matrix4 viewProjectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix;
            viewParams = {
                .viewMatrix = viewMatrix,
                .inverseViewMatrix = glm::inverse(viewMatrix),
                .projectionMatrix = projectionMatrix,
                .inverseProjection = glm::inverse(projectionMatrix),
                .viewProjectionMatrix = viewProjectionMatrix,
                .inverseViewProjectionMatrix = glm::inverse(viewProjectionMatrix),
                .cameraPosition_WS = Vector4(cameraPos, 1),
                .cameraForward_WS = Vector4(frustumCenter - cameraPos, 0),
                .screenDimensions = Vector2(maxExtents.x - minExtents.x, maxExtents.y - minExtents.y),
                .invScreenDimensions = 1.0f / Vector2(maxExtents.x - minExtents.x, maxExtents.y - minExtents.y),
                .frameIndex = Gfx::getCurrentFrameIndex(),
                .time = (float)Gfx::getCurrentFrameTime(),
            };
            cascades[i].viewParams.add(createViewParamsSet());
            cascades[i].lightSpaceBuffer->updateContents(0, sizeof(Matrix4), &viewProjectionMatrix);
        }
        lastSplitDist = cascadeSplits[i];
    }
}

void ShadowPass::render() {
    graphics->beginDebugRegion("ShadowPass");
    Gfx::ShaderPermutation permutation = graphics->getShaderCompiler()->getTemplate("ShadowPass");
    permutation.setDepthCulling(true);
    permutation.setPositionOnly(true);
    for (uint32 c = 0; c < NUM_CASCADES; ++c) {
        graphics->beginDebugRegion("Cascade");
        for (uint32 shadowIndex = 0; shadowIndex < cascades[c].shadowMaps->getNumLayers(); ++shadowIndex) {
            Array<Gfx::ORenderCommand> commands;
            renderPass = graphics->createRenderPass(
                Gfx::RenderTargetLayout{
                    .depthAttachment = Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment(cascades[c].views[shadowIndex], Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
                                                                   Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
                                                                   Gfx::SE_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR, Gfx::SE_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE),

                },
                {
                    Gfx::SubPassDependency{
                        .srcSubpass = ~0U,
                        .dstSubpass = 0,
                        .srcStage = Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
                        .dstStage = Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
                        .srcAccess = Gfx::SE_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | Gfx::SE_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
                        .dstAccess = Gfx::SE_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | Gfx::SE_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
                    },
                    Gfx::SubPassDependency{
                        .srcSubpass = 0,
                        .dstSubpass = ~0U,
                        .srcStage = Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
                        .dstStage = Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
                        .srcAccess = Gfx::SE_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | Gfx::SE_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
                        .dstAccess = Gfx::SE_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | Gfx::SE_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
                    },
                },
                {
                    .size = {cascades[c].shadowMaps->getWidth(), cascades[c].shadowMaps->getHeight()},
                    .offset = {0, 0},
                },
                "Shadow");
            graphics->beginRenderPass(renderPass);
            for (VertexData* vertexData : VertexData::getList()) {
                permutation.setVertexData(vertexData->getTypeName());
                Gfx::PermutationId id(permutation);

                Gfx::ORenderCommand command = graphics->createRenderCommand("ShadowRender");
                command->setViewport(cascades[c].shadowViewport);

                const Gfx::ShaderCollection* collection = graphics->getShaderCompiler()->findShaders(id);
                constexpr float depthBiasConstant = -1.25f;
                constexpr float depthBiasSlope = -1.75f;
                if (graphics->supportMeshShading()) {
                    Gfx::MeshPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo = {
                        .taskShader = collection->taskShader,
                        .meshShader = collection->meshShader,
                        .fragmentShader = collection->fragmentShader,
                        .renderPass = renderPass,
                        .pipelineLayout = collection->pipelineLayout,
                        .rasterizationState =
                            {
                                .cullMode = Gfx::SE_CULL_MODE_FRONT_BIT,
                                .depthBiasEnable = true,
                                .depthBiasConstantFactor = depthBiasConstant,
                                .depthBiasSlopeFactor = depthBiasSlope,
                            },
                    };
                    Gfx::PGraphicsPipeline pipeline = graphics->createGraphicsPipeline(std::move(pipelineInfo));
                    command->bindPipeline(pipeline);
                } else {
                    Gfx::LegacyPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo = {
                        .vertexShader = collection->vertexShader,
                        .fragmentShader = collection->fragmentShader,
                        .renderPass = renderPass,
                        .pipelineLayout = collection->pipelineLayout,
                        .rasterizationState =
                            {
                                .cullMode = Gfx::SE_CULL_MODE_FRONT_BIT,
                                .depthBiasEnable = true,
                                .depthBiasConstantFactor = depthBiasConstant,
                                .depthBiasSlopeFactor = depthBiasSlope,
                            },
                    };
                    Gfx::PGraphicsPipeline pipeline = graphics->createGraphicsPipeline(std::move(pipelineInfo));
                    command->bindPipeline(pipeline);
                }
                command->bindDescriptor(
                    {cascades[c].viewParams[shadowIndex], vertexData->getVertexDataSet(), vertexData->getInstanceDataSet()});
                VertexData::DrawCallOffsets offsets = {
                    .instanceOffset = 0,
                };
                command->pushConstants(Gfx::SE_SHADER_STAGE_TASK_BIT_EXT | Gfx::SE_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, 0,
                                       sizeof(VertexData::DrawCallOffsets), &offsets);
                if (graphics->supportMeshShading()) {
                    command->drawMesh((uint32)vertexData->getNumInstances(), 1, 1);
                } else {
                    const auto& materials = vertexData->getMaterialData();
                    for (const auto& materialData : materials) {
                        // material not used for any active meshes, skip
                        if (materialData.instances.size() == 0)
                            continue;
                        for (const auto& drawCall : materialData.instances) {
                            command->bindIndexBuffer(vertexData->getIndexBuffer());
                            uint32 inst = drawCall.offsets.instanceOffset;
                            for (const auto& meshData : drawCall.instanceMeshData) {
                                // all meshlets of a mesh share the same indices offset
                                command->drawIndexed(meshData.indicesRange.size, 1, meshData.indicesRange.offset,
                                                     vertexData->getIndicesOffset(meshData.meshletRange.offset), inst++);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                commands.add(std::move(command));
            }
            graphics->executeCommands(std::move(commands));
            graphics->endRenderPass();
        }
        graphics->endDebugRegion();
    }
    graphics->endDebugRegion();
}

void ShadowPass::endFrame() {}

void ShadowPass::publishOutputs() {
    cascadeSplitsBuffer = graphics->createUniformBuffer(UniformBufferCreateInfo{.sourceData =
                                                                                    {
                                                                                        .size = sizeof(float) * NUM_CASCADES,
                                                                                        .data = nullptr,
                                                                                    },
                                                                                .name = "CascadeSplits"});
    uint32 cascadeDim = SHADOW_MAP_SIZE;
    for (uint32 c = 0; c < NUM_CASCADES; ++c) {
        cascades[c].shadowMaps = graphics->createTexture2DArray(TextureCreateInfo{
            .format = Gfx::SE_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT,
            .width = cascadeDim,
            .height = cascadeDim,
            .elements = 1, // TODO:
            .usage = Gfx::SE_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT | Gfx::SE_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT,
            .name = "ShadowMapCascade",
        });
        cascades[c].lightSpaceBuffer = graphics->createShaderBuffer(ShaderBufferCreateInfo{.sourceData =
                                                                                               {
                                                                                                   .size = sizeof(Matrix4),
                                                                                                   .data = nullptr,
                                                                                               },
                                                                                           .name = "LightSpaceBuffer"});
        cascades[c].views.clear();
        for (uint32 j = 0; j < cascades[c].shadowMaps->getNumLayers(); ++j) {
            cascades[c].views.add(cascades[c].shadowMaps->createTextureView(0, 1, j, 1));
        }
        cascades[c].shadowViewport = graphics->createViewport(nullptr, ViewportCreateInfo{
                                                                           .dimensions =
                                                                               {
                                                                                   .size = {cascadeDim, cascadeDim},
                                                                                   .offset = {0, 0},
                                                                               },
                                                                       });
        cascadeDim /= 2;
        resources->registerTextureOutput(fmt::format("SHADOWMAP_TEXTURE{0}", c), Gfx::PTexture2DArray(cascades[c].shadowMaps));
        resources->registerBufferOutput(fmt::format("SHADOWMAP_LIGHTSPACE{0}", c), cascades[c].lightSpaceBuffer);
    }
    cascadeSplitsBuffer = graphics->createUniformBuffer(UniformBufferCreateInfo{.sourceData =
                                                                                    {
                                                                                        .size = sizeof(float) * NUM_CASCADES,
                                                                                        .data = nullptr,
                                                                                    },
                                                                                .name = "CASCADE_SPLITS"});
    resources->registerUniformOutput("SHADOWMAP_CASCADESPLITS", cascadeSplitsBuffer);
    viewport = cascades[0].shadowViewport;
}

void ShadowPass::createRenderPass() { cullingBuffer = resources->requestBuffer("CULLINGBUFFER"); }