Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master'

res/shaders/DepthCullingTask.slang

@@ -123,11 +123,11 @@ void taskMain(
         if(!culling.wasVisible())
         {
             // if the meshlet is outside of the frustum, we skip it since we cant do depth culling anyways
-		    if(meshlet.bounding.insideFrustum(viewFrustum))
+		    //if(meshlet.bounding.insideFrustum(viewFrustum))
             {
 #ifdef DEPTH_CULLING
                 // if the meshlet bounding box is behind the cached depth buffer, we skip
-                if(isBoxVisible(meshlet.bounding))
+                //if(isBoxVisible(meshlet.bounding))
 #endif
                 {
                     uint index;

res/shaders/FullscreenQuad.slang

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+struct QuadOutput
+{
+	float2 uv : UV;
+	float4 position : SV_Position;
+}
+
+[shader("vertex")]
+QuadOutput quadMain(uint vertexIndex : SV_VertexID)
+{
+	QuadOutput result;
+	result.uv = float2((vertexIndex << 1) & 2, vertexIndex & 2);
+	result.position = float4(result.uv * 2.0f + -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+	result.uv.y = 1 - result.uv.y;
+	return result;
+}

res/shaders/LegacyPass.slang

@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ FragmentParameter vertexMain(
 ){
 	InstanceData inst = pScene.instances[input.instanceId];
 	VertexAttributes attr = pVertexData.getAttributes(input.vertexId);
-	return attr.getParameter(inst.transformMatrix);
+	return attr.getParameter(inst.transformMatrix, inst.inverseTransformMatrix);
 }

res/shaders/ToneMapping.slang

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// MIT License
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2024 Missing Deadlines (Benjamin Wrensch)
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+// All values used to derive this implementation are sourced from Troy�s initial AgX implementation/OCIO config file available here:
+//   https://github.com/sobotka/AgX
+
+struct Parameters
+{
+  float4 offset = float4(0.0);
+  float4 slope = float4(1.0);
+  float4 power = float4(1.0);
+  float sat = 1.0;
+  Texture2D hdrInputTexture;
+  SamplerState hdrSampler;
+};
+ParameterBlock<Parameters> pParams;
+
+// AgX
+// ->
+
+// Mean error^2: 3.6705141e-06
+float3 agxDefaultContrastApprox(float3 x) {
+  float3 x2 = x * x;
+  float3 x4 = x2 * x2;
+  
+  return + 15.5     * x4 * x2
+         - 40.14    * x4 * x
+         + 31.96    * x4
+         - 6.868    * x2 * x
+         + 0.4298   * x2
+         + 0.1191   * x
+         - 0.00232;
+}
+
+float3 agx(float3 val) {
+  const float3x3 agx_mat = transpose(float3x3(
+    0.842479062253094, 0.0423282422610123, 0.0423756549057051,
+    0.0784335999999992,  0.878468636469772,  0.0784336,
+    0.0792237451477643, 0.0791661274605434, 0.879142973793104));
+    
+  const float min_ev = -12.47393f;
+  const float max_ev = 4.026069f;
+
+  // Input transform
+  val = mul(agx_mat, val);
+  
+  // Log2 space encoding
+  val = clamp(log2(val), min_ev, max_ev);
+  val = (val - min_ev) / (max_ev - min_ev);
+  
+  // Apply sigmoid function approximation
+  val = agxDefaultContrastApprox(val);
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+float3 agxEotf(float3 val) {
+  const float3x3 agx_mat_inv = transpose(float3x3(
+    1.19687900512017, -0.0528968517574562, -0.0529716355144438,
+    -0.0980208811401368, 1.15190312990417, -0.0980434501171241,
+    -0.0990297440797205, -0.0989611768448433, 1.15107367264116));
+    
+  // Undo input transform
+  val = mul(agx_mat_inv, val);
+  
+  // sRGB IEC 61966-2-1 2.2 Exponent Reference EOTF Display
+  //val = pow(val, float3(2.2));
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+float3 agxLook(float3 val) {
+  const float3 lw = float3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722);
+  float luma = dot(val, lw);
+  
+  // Default
+  float3 offset = pParams.offset.xyz;
+  float3 slope = pParams.slope.xyz;
+  float3 power = pParams.power.xyz;
+  float sat = pParams.sat;
+ 
+  // ASC CDL
+  val = pow(val * slope + offset, power);
+  return luma + sat * (val - luma);
+}
+
+[shader("pixel")]
+float4 toneMapping(float2 uv : UV) : SV_Target
+{
+	float3 hdrValue = pParams.hdrInputTexture.Sample(pParams.hdrSampler, uv).rgb;
+    //float3 value = agx(hdrValue);
+    //value = agxLook(value);
+    //value = agxEotf(value);
+
+    float3 value = hdrValue / (hdrValue + float3(10));
+
+    return float4(value, 1);
+}

res/shaders/lib/Scene.slang

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ struct MeshData
     uint32_t numIndices;
 };
 
-static const uint32_t MAX_VERTICES = 64;
+static const uint32_t MAX_VERTICES = 256;
-static const uint32_t MAX_PRIMITIVES = 128;
+static const uint32_t MAX_PRIMITIVES = 256;
-static const uint32_t MAX_MESHLETS_PER_INSTANCE = 2048;
 
 struct InstanceData
 {
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ uint decodePrimitive(uint32_t encoded)
 
 struct MeshPayload
 {
-    uint culledMeshlets[MAX_MESHLETS_PER_INSTANCE];
+    uint culledMeshlets[2048];
     uint instanceId;
     uint meshletOffset;
     uint cullingOffset;

src/Benchmark/main.cpp

@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
                 .size = {1920, 1080},
                 .offset = {0, 0},
             },
-        .numSamples = Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT,
     };
     OGameView sceneView = new PlayView(graphics, window, sceneViewInfo, binaryPath.generic_string(), useDepthCulling);
     sceneView->setFocused();

src/Editor/Asset/TextureLoader.cpp

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ void TextureLoader::import(TextureImportArgs args, PTextureAsset textureAsset) {
     int totalWidth = 0, totalHeight = 0, n = 0;
     unsigned char* data = stbi_load(args.filePath.string().c_str(), &totalWidth, &totalHeight, &n, 4);
     ktxTexture2* kTexture = nullptr;
-    VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+    VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB;
     ktxTextureCreateInfo createInfo = {
         .vkFormat = (uint32)format,
         .baseDepth = 1,

src/Editor/main.cpp

@@ -112,18 +112,18 @@ int main() {
         // AssetImporter::importTexture(TextureImportArgs{
         //    .filePath = sourcePath / "import/textures/wgen.png",
         //});
-        //AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
+        AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
-        //    .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/after-the-rain-vr-sound/source/Whitechapel.glb",
+            .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/after-the-rain-vr-sound/source/Whitechapel.glb",
-        //    .importPath = "Whitechapel",
+            .importPath = "Whitechapel",
-        //});
+        });
         //AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
         //    .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/box.glb",
         //    .importPath = "",
         //});
-        //AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
+        AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
-        //    .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/rttest.glb",
+            .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/rttest.glb",
-        //    .importPath = "",
+            .importPath = "",
-        //});
+        });
         //AssetImporter::importMesh(MeshImportArgs{
         //    .filePath = sourcePath / "import/models/town_hall.glb",
         //    .importPath = "",
@@ -137,16 +137,15 @@ int main() {
             .preferredFormat = Gfx::SE_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB,
         };
         auto window = windowManager->addWindow(graphics, mainWindowInfo);
-         ViewportCreateInfo sceneViewInfo = {
+        ViewportCreateInfo sceneViewInfo = {
-             .dimensions =
+            .dimensions =
-                 {
+                {
-                     .size = {1920, 1080},
+                    .size = {1920, 1080},
-                     .offset = {0, 0},
+                    .offset = {0, 0},
-                 },
+                },
-             .numSamples = Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT,
+        };
-         };
+        OGameView sceneView = new Editor::PlayView(graphics, window, sceneViewInfo, binaryPath.generic_string());
-         OGameView sceneView = new Editor::PlayView(graphics, window, sceneViewInfo, binaryPath.generic_string());
+        sceneView->setFocused();
-         sceneView->setFocused();
         //OInspectorView inspectorView = new Editor::InspectorView(graphics, window,
         //                                                         ViewportCreateInfo{
         //                                                             .dimensions =
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ int main() {
         //                                                             .fieldOfView = 0,
         //                                                             .numSamples = Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
         //                                                         });
-
+        //
         window->show();
         while (windowManager->isActive() && getGlobals().running) {
             windowManager->render();

src/Engine/Asset/FontAsset.cpp

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ UVector2 FontAsset::shapeText(std::string_view view, uint32 fontSize, Array<Rend
 void FontAsset::loadGlyphs(uint32 fontSize) {
     FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(ft_face, 0, fontSize);
     for (uint32 i = 0; i < ft_face->num_glyphs; ++i) {
-        assert(FT_Load_Glyph(ft_face, i, FT_LOAD_RENDER | FT_LOAD_COLOR) == 0);
+        assert(FT_Load_Glyph(ft_face, i, FT_LOAD_RENDER) == 0);
         FontAsset::Glyph& glyph = fontSizes[fontSize].glyphs[i];
         glyph.size = IVector2(ft_face->glyph->bitmap.width, ft_face->glyph->bitmap.rows);
         glyph.bearing = IVector2(ft_face->glyph->bitmap_left, ft_face->glyph->bitmap_top);

src/Engine/Graphics/Enums.h

@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ static constexpr bool useAsyncCompute = false;
 static constexpr bool useMeshShading = true;
 static constexpr uint32 numFramesBuffered = 3;
 
-static constexpr uint32 numVerticesPerMeshlet = 64;
+static constexpr uint32 numVerticesPerMeshlet = 256;
-static constexpr uint32 numPrimitivesPerMeshlet = 126;
+static constexpr uint32 numPrimitivesPerMeshlet = 256;
 double getCurrentFrameDelta();
 double getCurrentFrameTime();
 uint32 getCurrentFrameIndex();

src/Engine/Graphics/Initializer.h

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ struct WindowCreateInfo {
 struct ViewportCreateInfo {
     URect dimensions;
     float fieldOfView = glm::radians(70.0f);
-    Gfx::SeSampleCountFlags numSamples;
 };
 // doesnt own the data, only proxy it
 struct DataSource {

src/Engine/Graphics/Mesh.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ void Mesh::save(ArchiveBuffer& buffer) const {
     Serialization::save(buffer, vertexCount);
     Serialization::save(buffer, referencedMaterial->getFolderPath());
     Serialization::save(buffer, referencedMaterial->getName());
-    vertexData->serializeMesh(id, vertexCount, buffer);
+    vertexData->serializeMesh(id, buffer);
 }
 
 void Mesh::load(ArchiveBuffer& buffer) {

src/Engine/Graphics/Metal/Buffer.h

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 #include "Graphics/Buffer.h"
 #include "Graphics/Enums.h"
 #include "Graphics/Initializer.h"
-#include "Metal/MTLResource.hpp"
-#include "Metal/MTLTypes.hpp"
 #include "MinimalEngine.h"
 #include "Resources.h"
 

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/BasePass.cpp

@@ -135,10 +135,10 @@ void BasePass::beginFrame(const Component::Camera& cam) {
 }
 
 void BasePass::render() {
-    /*opaqueCulling->updateBuffer(0, 0, oLightIndexList);
+    opaqueCulling->updateBuffer(LIGHTINDEX_NAME, 0, oLightIndexList);
-    opaqueCulling->updateTexture(1, 0, oLightGrid);
+    opaqueCulling->updateTexture(LIGHTGRID_NAME, 0, oLightGrid);
-    transparentCulling->updateBuffer(0, 0, tLightIndexList);
+    transparentCulling->updateBuffer(LIGHTINDEX_NAME, 0, tLightIndexList);
-    transparentCulling->updateTexture(1, 0, tLightGrid);
+    transparentCulling->updateTexture(LIGHTGRID_NAME, 0, tLightGrid);
     opaqueCulling->writeChanges();
     transparentCulling->writeChanges();
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ void BasePass::render() {
     // Base Rendering
     for (VertexData* vertexData : VertexData::getList()) {
         transparentData.addAll(vertexData->getTransparentData());
-        vertexData->getInstanceDataSet()->updateBuffer(6, 0, cullingBuffer);
+        vertexData->getInstanceDataSet()->updateBuffer(VertexData::CULLINGDATA_NAME, 0, cullingBuffer);
         vertexData->getInstanceDataSet()->writeChanges();
         permutation.setVertexData(vertexData->getTypeName());
         const auto& materials = vertexData->getMaterialData();
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ void BasePass::render() {
                     .pipelineLayout = collection->pipelineLayout,
                     .multisampleState =
                         {
-                            .samples = viewport->getSamples(),
+                            .samples = msColorAttachment.getNumSamples(),
                         },
                     .rasterizationState =
                         {
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ void BasePass::render() {
                     .pipelineLayout = collection->pipelineLayout,
                     .multisampleState =
                         {
-                            .samples = viewport->getSamples(),
+                            .samples = msColorAttachment.getNumSamples(),
                         },
                     .rasterizationState =
                         {
@@ -247,9 +247,8 @@ void BasePass::render() {
     
     //commands.add(waterRenderer->render(viewParamsSet));
     //commands.add(terrainRenderer->render(viewParamsSet));
-    */
+    
     // Skybox
-    graphics->beginRenderPass(renderPass);
     {
         Gfx::ORenderCommand skyboxCommand = graphics->createRenderCommand("SkyboxRender");
         skyboxCommand->setViewport(viewport);
@@ -258,8 +257,6 @@ void BasePass::render() {
         skyboxCommand->draw(36, 1, 0, 0);
         graphics->executeCommands(std::move(skyboxCommand));
     }
-    graphics->endRenderPass();
-    /*
     // Transparent rendering
     {
         permutation.setDepthCulling(false); // ignore visibility infos for transparency
@@ -290,7 +287,7 @@ void BasePass::render() {
                     .pipelineLayout = collection->pipelineLayout,
                     .multisampleState =
                         {
-                            .samples = viewport->getSamples(),
+                            .samples = msColorAttachment.getNumSamples(),
                         },
                     .rasterizationState =
                         {
@@ -317,7 +314,7 @@ void BasePass::render() {
                     .pipelineLayout = collection->pipelineLayout,
                     .multisampleState =
                         {
-                            .samples = viewport->getSamples(),
+                            .samples = msColorAttachment.getNumSamples(),
                         },
                     .rasterizationState =
                         {
@@ -376,37 +373,40 @@ void BasePass::render() {
     query->endQuery();
     timestamps->write(Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, "BaseEnd");
     gDebugVertices.clear();
-    */
 }
 
 void BasePass::endFrame() {}
 
 void BasePass::publishOutputs() {
-    TextureCreateInfo depthBufferInfo = {
+    basePassDepth = graphics->createTexture2D(TextureCreateInfo{
         .format = Gfx::SE_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT,
         .width = viewport->getOwner()->getFramebufferWidth(),
         .height = viewport->getOwner()->getFramebufferHeight(),
         .usage = Gfx::SE_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
-    };
+    });
-    basePassDepth = graphics->createTexture2D(depthBufferInfo);
 
-    TextureCreateInfo msDepthInfo = {
+    basePassColor = graphics->createTexture2D(TextureCreateInfo{
+        .format = Gfx::SE_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
+        .width = viewport->getOwner()->getFramebufferWidth(),
+        .height = viewport->getOwner()->getFramebufferHeight(),
+        .usage = Gfx::SE_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+    });
+
+    msBasePassDepth = graphics->createTexture2D(TextureCreateInfo{
         .format = Gfx::SE_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT,
         .width = viewport->getOwner()->getFramebufferWidth(),
         .height = viewport->getOwner()->getFramebufferHeight(),
-        .samples = viewport->getSamples(),
+        .samples = Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT,
         .usage = Gfx::SE_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT | Gfx::SE_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
-    };
+    });
-    msBasePassDepth = graphics->createTexture2D(msDepthInfo);
+    
-
+    msBasePassColor = graphics->createTexture2D(TextureCreateInfo{
-    TextureCreateInfo msBaseColorInfo = {
+        .format = Gfx::SE_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
-        .format = viewport->getOwner()->getSwapchainFormat(),
         .width = viewport->getOwner()->getFramebufferWidth(),
         .height = viewport->getOwner()->getFramebufferHeight(),
-        .samples = viewport->getSamples(),
+        .samples = Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT, // todo: configure
         .usage = Gfx::SE_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | Gfx::SE_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
-    };
+    });
-    msBasePassColor = graphics->createTexture2D(msBaseColorInfo);
 
     depthAttachment =
         Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment(basePassDepth, Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ void BasePass::publishOutputs() {
                                     Gfx::SE_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR, Gfx::SE_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE);
     msDepthAttachment.clear.depthStencil.depth = 0.0f;
 
-    colorAttachment = Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment(viewport, Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
+    colorAttachment = Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment(basePassColor, Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
                                                   Gfx::SE_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE, Gfx::SE_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE);
 
     msColorAttachment =
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ void BasePass::publishOutputs() {
 }
 
 void BasePass::createRenderPass() {
-    RenderPass::beginFrame(Component::Camera());
+    //RenderPass::beginFrame(Component::Camera());
     //terrainRenderer = new TerrainRenderer(graphics, scene, viewParamsLayout, viewParamsSet);
     cullingBuffer = resources->requestBuffer("CULLINGBUFFER");
     timestamps = resources->requestTimestampQuery("TIMESTAMPS");
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ void BasePass::createRenderPass() {
             .pipelineLayout = debugPipelineLayout,
             .multisampleState =
                 {
-                    .samples = viewport->getSamples(),
+                    .samples = msColorAttachment.getNumSamples(),
                 },
             .rasterizationState =
                 {
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ void BasePass::createRenderPass() {
             .pipelineLayout = pipelineLayout,
             .multisampleState =
                 {
-                    .samples = viewport->getSamples(),
+                    .samples = msColorAttachment.getNumSamples(),
                 },
             .rasterizationState =
                 {

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/BasePass.h

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ class BasePass : public RenderPass {
     virtual void createRenderPass() override;
 
   private:
+      // hdr
     Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment msColorAttachment;
     Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment colorAttachment;
     Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment msDepthAttachment;
@@ -28,8 +29,8 @@ class BasePass : public RenderPass {
     Gfx::PShaderBuffer tLightIndexList;
     Gfx::PTexture2D oLightGrid;
     Gfx::PTexture2D tLightGrid;
-    constexpr static std::string LIGHTINDEX_NAME = "lightIndexList";
+    constexpr static const char* LIGHTINDEX_NAME = "lightIndexList";
-    constexpr static std::string LIGHTGRID_NAME = "lightGrid";
+    constexpr static const char* LIGHTGRID_NAME = "lightGrid";
 
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet opaqueCulling;
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet transparentCulling;
@@ -37,7 +38,9 @@ class BasePass : public RenderPass {
     // use a different texture here so we can do multisampling
     Gfx::OTexture2D msBasePassDepth;
     Gfx::OTexture2D basePassDepth;
+    // hdr
     Gfx::OTexture2D msBasePassColor;
+    Gfx::OTexture2D basePassColor;
 
     // used for transparency sorting
     Vector cameraPos;
@@ -79,9 +82,9 @@ class BasePass : public RenderPass {
         float blendFactor;
     } skyboxData;
     Component::Skybox skybox;
-    constexpr static std::string SKYBOXDAY_NAME = "day";
+    const char* SKYBOXDAY_NAME = "day";
-    constexpr static std::string SKYBOXNIGHT_NAME = "night";
+    const char* SKYBOXNIGHT_NAME = "night";
-    constexpr static std::string SKYBOXSAMPLER_NAME = "sampler";
+    const char* SKYBOXSAMPLER_NAME = "sampler";
     PScene scene;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(BasePass)

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ target_sources(Engine
         RenderPass.cpp
         TerrainRenderer.h
         TerrainRenderer.cpp
+        ToneMappingPass.h
+        ToneMappingPass.cpp
         UIPass.h
         UIPass.cpp
         VisibilityPass.h
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ target_sources(Engine
             CachedDepthPass.h
             DepthCullingPass.h
             LightCullingPass.h
+            ToneMappingPass.h
             RayTracingPass.h
             RenderGraph.h
             RenderGraphResources.h

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/CachedDepthPass.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ CachedDepthPass::~CachedDepthPass() {}
 void CachedDepthPass::beginFrame(const Component::Camera& cam) { RenderPass::beginFrame(cam); }
 
 void CachedDepthPass::render() {
-/*    query->beginQuery();
+    query->beginQuery();
     timestamps->write(Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT, "CachedBegin");
     graphics->beginRenderPass(renderPass);
     Array<Gfx::ORenderCommand> commands;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void CachedDepthPass::render() {
     permutation.setDepthCulling(true);
     for (VertexData* vertexData : VertexData::getList()) {
         permutation.setVertexData(vertexData->getTypeName());
-        vertexData->getInstanceDataSet()->updateBuffer(6, 0, cullingBuffer);
+        vertexData->getInstanceDataSet()->updateBuffer(VertexData::CULLINGDATA_NAME, 0, cullingBuffer);
         vertexData->getInstanceDataSet()->writeChanges();
 
         // Create Pipeline(VertexData)
@@ -134,9 +134,8 @@ void CachedDepthPass::render() {
 
     graphics->executeCommands(std::move(commands));
     graphics->endRenderPass();
-    graphics->waitDeviceIdle();
     timestamps->write(Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, "CachedEnd");
-    query->endQuery();*/
+    query->endQuery();
 }
 
 void CachedDepthPass::endFrame() {}

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/DepthCullingPass.cpp

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ DepthCullingPass::~DepthCullingPass() {}
 void DepthCullingPass::beginFrame(const Component::Camera& cam) { RenderPass::beginFrame(cam); }
 
 void DepthCullingPass::render() {
-    /*query->beginQuery();
+    query->beginQuery();
     depthAttachment.getTexture()->changeLayout(Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
                                                Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
                                                Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT);
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ void DepthCullingPass::render() {
     permutation.setDepthCulling(getGlobals().useDepthCulling);
     for (VertexData* vertexData : VertexData::getList()) {
         permutation.setVertexData(vertexData->getTypeName());
-        vertexData->getInstanceDataSet()->updateBuffer(6, 0, cullingBuffer);
+        vertexData->getInstanceDataSet()->updateBuffer(VertexData::CULLINGDATA_NAME, 0, cullingBuffer);
         vertexData->getInstanceDataSet()->writeChanges();
         // Create Pipeline(VertexData)
         // Descriptors:
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ void DepthCullingPass::render() {
     // Sync visibility write with compute read
     visibilityAttachment.getTexture()->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
                                                        Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
-                                                       Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT);*/
+                                                       Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT);
 }
 
 void DepthCullingPass::endFrame() {}

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/DepthCullingPass.h

@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ class DepthCullingPass : public RenderPass {
     Array<uint32> mipOffsets;
     Array<UVector2> mipDims;
 
-    constexpr static std::string DEPTHTEXTURE_NAME = "depthTexture";
+    constexpr static const char* DEPTHTEXTURE_NAME = "depthTexture";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer depthMipBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string DEPTHMIP_NAME = "depthMip";
+    constexpr static const char* DEPTHMIP_NAME = "depthMip";
     Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment depthAttachment;
     Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment visibilityAttachment;
     Gfx::ODescriptorLayout depthAttachmentLayout;

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.cpp

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 #include "Math/Vector.h"
 #include "RenderGraph.h"
 #include "Scene/Scene.h"
-#include "Graphics/Metal/Descriptor.h"
-#include "Graphics/Metal/Shader.h"
 
 using namespace Seele;
 
@@ -39,19 +37,19 @@ void LightCullingPass::beginFrame(const Component::Camera& cam) {
 }
 
 void LightCullingPass::render() {
-    /*query->beginQuery();
+    query->beginQuery();
     timestamps->write(Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT, "LightCullBegin");
     oLightGrid->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
                                 Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT);
     tLightGrid->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
                                 Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT);
-    cullingDescriptorSet->updateTexture(0, 0, depthAttachment);
+    cullingDescriptorSet->updateTexture(DEPTHATTACHMENT_NAME, 0, depthAttachment);
-    cullingDescriptorSet->updateBuffer(1, 0, oLightIndexCounter);
+    cullingDescriptorSet->updateBuffer(OLIGHTINDEXCOUNTER_NAME, 0, oLightIndexCounter);
-    cullingDescriptorSet->updateBuffer(2, 0, tLightIndexCounter);
+    cullingDescriptorSet->updateBuffer(TLIGHTINDEXCOUNTER_NAME, 0, tLightIndexCounter);
-    cullingDescriptorSet->updateBuffer(3, 0, oLightIndexList);
+    cullingDescriptorSet->updateBuffer(OLIGHTINDEXLIST_NAME, 0, oLightIndexList);
-    cullingDescriptorSet->updateBuffer(4, 0, tLightIndexList);
+    cullingDescriptorSet->updateBuffer(TLIGHTINDEXLIST_NAME, 0, tLightIndexList);
-    cullingDescriptorSet->updateTexture(5, 0, oLightGrid);
+    cullingDescriptorSet->updateTexture(OLIGHTGRID_NAME, 0, oLightGrid);
-    cullingDescriptorSet->updateTexture(6, 0, tLightGrid);
+    cullingDescriptorSet->updateTexture(TLIGHTGRID_NAME, 0, tLightGrid);
     cullingDescriptorSet->writeChanges();
     Gfx::OComputeCommand computeCommand = graphics->createComputeCommand("CullingCommand");
     if (getGlobals().useLightCulling) {
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ void LightCullingPass::render() {
         computeCommand->bindPipeline(cullingPipeline);
     }
     computeCommand->bindDescriptor({viewParamsSet, dispatchParamsSet, cullingDescriptorSet, lightEnv->getDescriptorSet()});
-    computeCommand->dispatch(dispatchParams.numThreadGroups.x, dispatchParams.numThreadGroups.y, dispatchParams.numThreadGroups.z);
+    computeCommand->dispatch(numThreadGroups.x, numThreadGroups.y, numThreadGroups.z);
     Array<Gfx::OComputeCommand> commands;
     commands.add(std::move(computeCommand));
     // std::cout << "Execute" << std::endl;
@@ -74,7 +72,7 @@ void LightCullingPass::render() {
     oLightGrid->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
                                 Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT);
     tLightGrid->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
-                                Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT);*/
+                                Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT);
 }
 
 void LightCullingPass::endFrame() {}
@@ -83,8 +81,8 @@ void LightCullingPass::publishOutputs() {
     setupFrustums();
     uint32_t viewportWidth = viewport->getWidth();
     uint32_t viewportHeight = viewport->getHeight();
-    UVector4 numThreadGroups = glm::ceil(glm::vec4(viewportWidth / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, viewportHeight / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 0));
+    numThreadGroups = glm::ceil(glm::vec4(viewportWidth / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, viewportHeight / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 0));
-    UVector4 numThreads = numThreadGroups * glm::uvec4(BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 0);
+    numThreads = numThreadGroups * glm::uvec4(BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 0);
     dispatchParamsSet = dispatchParamsLayout->allocateDescriptorSet();
     dispatchParamsSet->updateConstants("numThreadGroups", 0, &numThreadGroups);
     dispatchParamsSet->updateConstants("numThreads", 0, &numThreads);
@@ -227,8 +225,8 @@ void LightCullingPass::setupFrustums() {
     uint32_t viewportWidth = viewport->getWidth();
     uint32_t viewportHeight = viewport->getHeight();
 
-    glm::uvec4 numThreads = glm::ceil(glm::vec4(viewportWidth / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, viewportHeight / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 0));
+    numThreads = glm::ceil(glm::vec4(viewportWidth / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, viewportHeight / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 0));
-    glm::uvec4 numThreadGroups = glm::ceil(glm::vec4(numThreads.x / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, numThreads.y / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 0));
+    numThreadGroups = glm::ceil(glm::vec4(numThreads.x / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, numThreads.y / (float)BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 0));
 
     RenderPass::beginFrame(Component::Camera());
 

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/LightCullingPass.h

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class LightCullingPass : public RenderPass {
     static constexpr uint32 INDEX_LIGHT_ENV = 1;
 
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer frustumBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string FRUSTUMBUFFER_NAME = "frustums";
+    const char* FRUSTUMBUFFER_NAME = "frustums";
     Gfx::ODescriptorLayout dispatchParamsLayout;
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet dispatchParamsSet;
     Gfx::OComputeShader frustumShader;
@@ -36,19 +36,19 @@ class LightCullingPass : public RenderPass {
 
     PLightEnvironment lightEnv;
     Gfx::PTexture2D depthAttachment;
-    constexpr static std::string DEPTHATTACHMENT_NAME = "depth";
+    constexpr static const char* DEPTHATTACHMENT_NAME = "depth";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer oLightIndexCounter;
-    constexpr static std::string OLIGHTINDEXCOUNTER_NAME = "oLightIndexCounter";
+    constexpr static const char* OLIGHTINDEXCOUNTER_NAME = "oLightIndexCounter";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer tLightIndexCounter;
-    constexpr static std::string TLIGHTINDEXCOUNTER_NAME = "tLightIndexCounter";
+    constexpr static const char* TLIGHTINDEXCOUNTER_NAME = "tLightIndexCounter";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer oLightIndexList;
-    constexpr static std::string OLIGHTINDEXLIST_NAME = "oLightIndexList";
+    constexpr static const char* OLIGHTINDEXLIST_NAME = "oLightIndexList";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer tLightIndexList;
-    constexpr static std::string TLIGHTINDEXLIST_NAME = "tLightIndexList";
+    constexpr static const char* TLIGHTINDEXLIST_NAME = "tLightIndexList";
     Gfx::OTexture2D oLightGrid;
-    constexpr static std::string OLIGHTGRID_NAME = "oLightGrid";
+    constexpr static const char* OLIGHTGRID_NAME = "oLightGrid";
     Gfx::OTexture2D tLightGrid;
-    constexpr static std::string TLIGHTGRID_NAME = "tLightGrid";
+    constexpr static const char* TLIGHTGRID_NAME = "tLightGrid";
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet cullingDescriptorSet;
     Gfx::ODescriptorLayout cullingDescriptorLayout;
     Gfx::OPipelineLayout cullingLayout;
@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ class LightCullingPass : public RenderPass {
     Gfx::PComputePipeline cullingEnabledPipeline;
     Gfx::OPipelineStatisticsQuery query;
     Gfx::PTimestampQuery timestamps;
-
+    UVector4 numThreadGroups;
+    UVector4 numThreads;
+    
     PScene scene;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(LightCullingPass)

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.cpp

@@ -16,30 +16,30 @@ struct SampleParams {
 
 RayTracingPass::RayTracingPass(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, PScene scene) : RenderPass(graphics), scene(scene) {
     paramsLayout = graphics->createDescriptorLayout("pRayTracingParams");
-    /*paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
+    paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 0,
+        .name = TLAS_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
     });
     paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 1,
+        .name = ACCUMULATOR_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
     });
     paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 2,
+        .name = TEXTURE_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
     });
     paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 3,
+        .name = INDEXBUFFER_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
     });
     paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 4,
+        .name = SKYBOX_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE,
     });
     paramsLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .binding = 5,
+        .name = SKYSAMPLER_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER,
-    });*/
+    });
     paramsLayout->create();
     pipelineLayout = graphics->createPipelineLayout("RayTracing");
     pipelineLayout->addDescriptorLayout(viewParamsLayout);
@@ -137,12 +137,12 @@ void RayTracingPass::render() {
         .bottomLevelStructures = accelerationStructures,
     });
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet desc = paramsLayout->allocateDescriptorSet();
-    /*desc->updateAccelerationStructure(0, 0, tlas);
+    desc->updateAccelerationStructure(TLAS_NAME, 0, tlas);
-    desc->updateTexture(1, 0, radianceAccumulator);
+    desc->updateTexture(ACCUMULATOR_NAME, 0, radianceAccumulator);
-    desc->updateTexture(2, 0, texture);
+    desc->updateTexture(TEXTURE_NAME, 0, texture);
-    desc->updateBuffer(3, 0, StaticMeshVertexData::getInstance()->getIndexBuffer());
+    desc->updateBuffer(INDEXBUFFER_NAME, 0, StaticMeshVertexData::getInstance()->getIndexBuffer());
-    desc->updateTexture(4, 0, skyBox);
+    desc->updateTexture(SKYBOX_NAME, 0, skyBox);
-    desc->updateSampler(5, 0, skyBoxSampler);*/
+    desc->updateSampler(SKYSAMPLER_NAME, 0, skyBoxSampler);
     desc->writeChanges();
 
     Gfx::ORenderCommand command = graphics->createRenderCommand("RayTracing");

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.h

@@ -17,15 +17,21 @@ class RayTracingPass : public RenderPass {
   private:
     Gfx::ODescriptorLayout paramsLayout;
     Gfx::OPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
+    constexpr static const char* TLAS_NAME = "scene";
+    Gfx::OTopLevelAS tlas;
+    constexpr static const char* ACCUMULATOR_NAME = "accumulator";
     Gfx::OTexture2D radianceAccumulator;
+    constexpr static const char* TEXTURE_NAME = "image";
     Gfx::OTexture2D texture;
+    constexpr static const char* SKYBOX_NAME = "skybox";
     Gfx::PTextureCube skyBox;
+    constexpr static const char* SKYSAMPLER_NAME = "sampler";
     Gfx::OSampler skyBoxSampler;
+    constexpr static const char* INDEXBUFFER_NAME = "indexBuffer";
     Gfx::ORayGenShader rayGen;
     Gfx::OAnyHitShader anyhit;
     Gfx::OMissShader miss;
     Gfx::PRayTracingPipeline pipeline;
-    Gfx::OTopLevelAS tlas;
     PScene scene;
 };
 } // namespace Seele

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/TerrainRenderer.cpp

@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ void TerrainRenderer::setViewport(Gfx::PViewport _viewport, Gfx::PRenderPass ren
         .pipelineLayout = meshUpdater.pipelineLayout,
         .multisampleState =
             {
-                .samples = viewport->getSamples(),
+                .samples = Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
             },
         .rasterizationState =
             {

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/ToneMappingPass.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "ToneMappingPass.h"
+
+using namespace Seele;
+
+ToneMappingPass::ToneMappingPass(Gfx::PGraphics graphics) : RenderPass(graphics) {
+    layout = graphics->createDescriptorLayout("ToneMappingDescriptor");
+    layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
+        .name = "offset",
+        .uniformLength = sizeof(Vector4),
+    });
+    layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
+        .name = "slope",
+        .uniformLength = sizeof(Vector4),
+    });
+    layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
+        .name = "power",
+        .uniformLength = sizeof(Vector4),
+    });
+    layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
+        .name = "sat",
+        .uniformLength = sizeof(float),
+    });
+    layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
+        .name = "hdrInputTexture",
+        .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE,
+    });
+    layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
+        .name = "hdrSampler",
+        .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER,
+    });
+    layout->create();
+    pipelineLayout = graphics->createPipelineLayout("ToneMappingLayout");
+    pipelineLayout->addDescriptorLayout(layout);
+    graphics->beginShaderCompilation(ShaderCompilationInfo{
+        .name = "ToneMapping",
+        .modules = {"FullScreenQuad", "ToneMapping"},
+        .entryPoints = {{"quadMain", "FullScreenQuad"}, {"toneMapping", "ToneMapping"}},
+        .rootSignature = pipelineLayout,
+    });
+    pipelineLayout->create();
+    vert = graphics->createVertexShader({0});
+    frag = graphics->createFragmentShader({1});
+    sampler = graphics->createSampler({});
+}
+
+ToneMappingPass::~ToneMappingPass() {}
+
+void ToneMappingPass::beginFrame(const Component::Camera& cam) { RenderPass::beginFrame(cam); }
+
+void ToneMappingPass::render() {
+    hdrInputTexture.getTexture()->changeLayout(Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+                                               Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
+                                               Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT);
+
+    layout->reset();
+    set = layout->allocateDescriptorSet();
+    set->updateTexture("hdrInputTexture", 0, hdrInputTexture.getTexture());
+    set->updateSampler("hdrSampler", 0, sampler);
+    set->writeChanges();
+    graphics->beginRenderPass(renderPass);
+    Gfx::ORenderCommand command = graphics->createRenderCommand("ToneMapping");
+    command->setViewport(viewport);
+    command->bindPipeline(pipeline);
+    command->bindDescriptor({set});
+    command->draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
+    graphics->executeCommands(std::move(command));
+    graphics->endRenderPass();
+}
+
+void ToneMappingPass::endFrame() {}
+
+void ToneMappingPass::publishOutputs() {
+    colorAttachment = Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment(viewport, Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
+                                                  Gfx::SE_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE, Gfx::SE_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE);
+    resources->registerRenderPassOutput("TONEMAPPING_COLOR", colorAttachment);
+}
+
+void ToneMappingPass::createRenderPass() {
+    hdrInputTexture = resources->requestRenderTarget("BASEPASS_COLOR");
+    Gfx::RenderTargetLayout targetLayout = Gfx::RenderTargetLayout{
+        .colorAttachments = {colorAttachment},
+    };
+    Array<Gfx::SubPassDependency> dependency = {
+        {
+            .srcSubpass = ~0U,
+            .dstSubpass = 0,
+            .srcStage = Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+            .dstStage = Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+            .srcAccess = Gfx::SE_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+            .dstAccess = Gfx::SE_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+        },
+        {
+            .srcSubpass = 0,
+            .dstSubpass = ~0U,
+            .srcStage = Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+            .dstStage = Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+            .srcAccess = Gfx::SE_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+            .dstAccess = Gfx::SE_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+        },
+    };
+    renderPass = graphics->createRenderPass(targetLayout, dependency, viewport, "ToneMappingPass");
+    pipeline = graphics->createGraphicsPipeline(Gfx::LegacyPipelineCreateInfo{
+        .vertexShader = vert,
+        .fragmentShader = frag,
+        .renderPass = renderPass,
+        .pipelineLayout = pipelineLayout,
+        .colorBlend =
+            {
+                .attachmentCount = 1,
+            },
+    });
+}

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/ToneMappingPass.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "RenderPass.h"
+#include "Graphics/Shader.h"
+
+namespace Seele 
+{
+class ToneMappingPass : public RenderPass {
+  public:
+    ToneMappingPass(Gfx::PGraphics graphics);
+    ToneMappingPass(ToneMappingPass&&) = default;
+    ToneMappingPass& operator=(ToneMappingPass&&) = default;
+    virtual ~ToneMappingPass();
+    virtual void beginFrame(const Component::Camera& cam) override;
+    virtual void render() override;
+    virtual void endFrame() override;
+    virtual void publishOutputs() override;
+    virtual void createRenderPass() override;
+
+  private:
+    // non-hdr swapchain output
+    Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment colorAttachment;
+
+    Gfx::RenderTargetAttachment hdrInputTexture;
+    Gfx::OSampler sampler;
+
+    Gfx::ODescriptorLayout layout;
+    Gfx::PDescriptorSet set;
+    Gfx::OPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
+    Gfx::OVertexShader vert;
+    Gfx::OFragmentShader frag;
+    Gfx::PGraphicsPipeline pipeline;
+};
+}

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.cpp

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ UIPass::UIPass(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, UI::PSystem system) : RenderPass(graphic
 
     uiDescriptorLayout = graphics->createDescriptorLayout("pParams");
     uiDescriptorLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
-        .name = GLYPHINSTANCE_NAME,
+        .name = ELEMENT_NAME,
         .descriptorType = Gfx::SE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
     });
     uiDescriptorLayout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ void UIPass::beginFrame(const Component::Camera& cam) {
     RenderPass::beginFrame(cam);
     glyphs.clear();
     usedTextures.clear();
+    elements.clear();
     for (auto& render : renderElements) {
         float x = render.position.x;
         float y = render.position.y;
@@ -112,9 +113,6 @@ void UIPass::render() {
     command->bindPipeline(uiPipeline);
     command->bindDescriptor({viewParamsSet, uiDescriptorSet});
     command->draw(4, elements.size(), 0, 0);
-    command->bindPipeline(textPipeline);
-    command->bindDescriptor({viewParamsSet, textDescriptorSet});
-    command->draw(4, glyphs.size(), 0, 0);
     commands.add(std::move(command));
     graphics->executeCommands(std::move(commands));
     graphics->endRenderPass();

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/UIPass.h

@@ -72,13 +72,13 @@ class UIPass : public RenderPass {
     Array<GlyphInstanceData> glyphs;
     Array<RenderElementStyle> elements;
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer glyphInstanceBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string GLYPHINSTANCE_NAME = "glyphData";
+    constexpr static const char* GLYPHINSTANCE_NAME = "glyphData";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer elementBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string ELEMENT_NAME = "elements";
+    constexpr static const char* ELEMENT_NAME = "elements";
     Gfx::OSampler glyphSampler;
-    constexpr static std::string GLYPHSAMPLER_NAME = "glyphSampler";
+    constexpr static const char* GLYPHSAMPLER_NAME = "glyphSampler";
     Array<Gfx::PTexture2D> usedTextures;
-    constexpr static std::string TEXTURES_NAME = "textures";
+    constexpr static const char* TEXTURES_NAME = "textures";
 };
 DEFINE_REF(UIPass);
 } // namespace Seele

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/VisibilityPass.cpp

@@ -13,11 +13,12 @@ void VisibilityPass::beginFrame(const Component::Camera& cam) {
 }
 
 void VisibilityPass::render() {
-    /*cullingBuffer->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_MESH_SHADER_BIT_EXT,
+    cullingBuffer->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_MESH_SHADER_BIT_EXT,
                                    Gfx::SE_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT);
     cullingBuffer->clear();
 
-    cullingBuffer->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
+    cullingBuffer->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+                                   Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT,
                                    Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT);
     visibilityDescriptor->reset();
     visibilitySet = visibilityDescriptor->allocateDescriptorSet();
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ void VisibilityPass::render() {
     query->endQuery();
     cullingBuffer->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
                                    Gfx::SE_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
-                                   Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TASK_SHADER_BIT_EXT | Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_MESH_SHADER_BIT_EXT);*/
+                                   Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TASK_SHADER_BIT_EXT | Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_MESH_SHADER_BIT_EXT);
 }
 
 void VisibilityPass::endFrame() {}

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/VisibilityPass.h

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ class VisibilityPass : public RenderPass {
     Gfx::OPipelineStatisticsQuery query;
     Gfx::PTimestampQuery timestamps;
 
-    constexpr static std::string VISIBILITY_NAME = "visibilityTexture";
+    constexpr static const char* VISIBILITY_NAME = "visibilityTexture";
     // Holds culling information for every meshlet for each instance
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer cullingBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string CULLINGBUFFER_NAME = "cullingBuffer";
+    constexpr static const char* CULLINGBUFFER_NAME = "cullingBuffer";
     UVector threadGroupSize;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(VisibilityPass)

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/WaterRenderer.cpp

@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ void WaterRenderer::setViewport(Gfx::PViewport _viewport, Gfx::PRenderPass rende
         .pipelineLayout = waterLayout,
         .multisampleState =
             {
-                .samples = viewport->getSamples(),
+                .samples = Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT,
             },
         .rasterizationState =
             {

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderTarget.h

@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ class RenderTargetAttachment {
     }
     SeSampleCountFlags getNumSamples() const {
         if (viewport != nullptr) {
-            return viewport->getSamples();
+            // viewport backbuffers are not multisampled themselves
+            return Gfx::SE_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
         }
         return texture->getNumSamples();
     }

src/Engine/Graphics/StaticMeshVertexData.cpp

@@ -53,12 +53,14 @@ void StaticMeshVertexData::loadColors(uint64 offset, const Array<ColorType>& dat
     dirty = true;
 }
 
-void StaticMeshVertexData::serializeMesh(MeshId id, uint64 numVertices, ArchiveBuffer& buffer) {
+void StaticMeshVertexData::serializeMesh(MeshId id, ArchiveBuffer& buffer) {
-    VertexData::serializeMesh(id, numVertices, buffer);
+    VertexData::serializeMesh(id, buffer);
     uint64 offset;
+    uint64 numVertices;
     {
         std::unique_lock l(vertexDataLock);
         offset = meshOffsets[id];
+        numVertices = meshVertexCounts[id];
     }
     Array<TexCoordType> tex[MAX_TEXCOORDS];
     for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_TEXCOORDS; ++i) {

src/Engine/Graphics/StaticMeshVertexData.h

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class StaticMeshVertexData : public VertexData {
     void loadTangents(uint64 offset, const Array<TangentType>& data);
     void loadBitangents(uint64 offset, const Array<BiTangentType>& data);
     void loadColors(uint64 offset, const Array<ColorType>& data);
-    virtual void serializeMesh(MeshId id, uint64 numVertices, ArchiveBuffer& buffer) override;
+    virtual void serializeMesh(MeshId id, ArchiveBuffer& buffer) override;
     virtual uint64 deserializeMesh(MeshId id, ArchiveBuffer& buffer) override;
     virtual void init(Gfx::PGraphics graphics) override;
     virtual void destroy() override;
@@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ class StaticMeshVertexData : public VertexData {
 
 
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer positions;
-    constexpr static std::string POSITIONS_NAME = "positions";
+    constexpr static const char* POSITIONS_NAME = "positions";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer texCoords[MAX_TEXCOORDS];
-    constexpr static std::string TEXCOORDS_NAME = "texCoords";
+    constexpr static const char* TEXCOORDS_NAME = "texCoords";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer normals;
-    constexpr static std::string NORMALS_NAME = "normals";
+    constexpr static const char* NORMALS_NAME = "normals";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer tangents;
-    constexpr static std::string TANGENTS_NAME = "tangents";
+    constexpr static const char* TANGENTS_NAME = "tangents";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer biTangents;
-    constexpr static std::string BITANGENTS_NAME = "biTangents";
+    constexpr static const char* BITANGENTS_NAME = "biTangents";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer colors;
-    constexpr static std::string COLORS_NAME = "colors";
+    constexpr static const char* COLORS_NAME = "colors";
     Array<PositionType> posData;
     Array<TexCoordType> texData[MAX_TEXCOORDS];
     Array<NormalType> norData;

src/Engine/Graphics/VertexData.cpp

@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ void VertexData::updateMesh(uint32 meshletOffset, PMesh mesh, Component::Transfo
     std::unique_lock l(materialDataLock);
     PMaterialInstance referencedInstance = mesh->referencedMaterial->getHandle();
     PMaterial mat = referencedInstance->getBaseMaterial();
-    const auto& data = meshData[mesh->id];
-
     Matrix4 transformMatrix = transform.toMatrix() * mesh->transform;
     InstanceData inst = InstanceData{
         .transformMatrix = transformMatrix,
@@ -48,26 +46,6 @@ void VertexData::updateMesh(uint32 meshletOffset, PMesh mesh, Component::Transfo
     };
 
     referencedInstance->updateDescriptor();
-    if (mat->hasTransparency()) {
-        auto params = referencedInstance->getMaterialOffsets();
-        transparentData.add(TransparentDraw{
-            .matInst = referencedInstance,
-            .vertexData = this,
-            .offsets =
-                {
-                    .instanceOffset = 0,
-                    .textureOffset = params.textureOffset,
-                    .samplerOffset = params.samplerOffset,
-                    .floatOffset = params.floatOffset,
-                },
-            .worldPosition = Vector(inst.transformMatrix[3]),
-            .instanceData = inst,
-            .meshData = data,
-            .cullingOffset = meshletOffset,
-            .rayTracingScene = mesh->blas,
-        });
-        return;
-    }
     if (materialData.size() <= mat->getId()) {
         materialData.resize(mat->getId() + 1);
     }
@@ -78,49 +56,32 @@ void VertexData::updateMesh(uint32 meshletOffset, PMesh mesh, Component::Transfo
     }
     BatchedDrawCall& matInstanceData = matData.instances[referencedInstance->getId()];
     matInstanceData.materialInstance = referencedInstance;
-    matInstanceData.rayTracingData.add(mesh->blas);
+    for (const auto& data : meshData[mesh->id]) {
-    matInstanceData.instanceData.add(inst);
+        if (mat->hasTransparency()) {
-    matInstanceData.instanceMeshData.add(data);
+            auto params = referencedInstance->getMaterialOffsets();
-    matInstanceData.cullingOffsets.add(meshletOffset);
+            transparentData.add(TransparentDraw{
-
+                .matInst = referencedInstance,
-    /* for (size_t i = 0; i < 0; ++i) {
+                .vertexData = this,
-        auto bounding = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].bounding;
+                .offsets =
-        StaticArray<Vector, 8> corners;
+                    {
-        Vector min = bounding.min; // bounding.center - bounding.radius * Vector(1, 1, 1);
+                        .instanceOffset = 0,
-        Vector max = bounding.max; // bounding.center + bounding.radius * Vector(1, 1, 1);
+                        .textureOffset = params.textureOffset,
-        corners[0] = transformMatrix * Vector4(min.x, min.y, min.z, 1);
+                        .samplerOffset = params.samplerOffset,
-        corners[1] = transformMatrix * Vector4(min.x, min.y, max.z, 1);
+                        .floatOffset = params.floatOffset,
-        corners[2] = transformMatrix * Vector4(min.x, max.y, min.z, 1);
+                    },
-        corners[3] = transformMatrix * Vector4(min.x, max.y, max.z, 1);
+                .worldPosition = Vector(inst.transformMatrix[3]),
-        corners[4] = transformMatrix * Vector4(max.x, min.y, min.z, 1);
+                .instanceData = inst,
-        corners[5] = transformMatrix * Vector4(max.x, min.y, max.z, 1);
+                .meshData = data,
-        corners[6] = transformMatrix * Vector4(max.x, max.y, min.z, 1);
+                .cullingOffset = meshletOffset,
-        corners[7] = transformMatrix * Vector4(max.x, max.y, max.z, 1);
+                .rayTracingScene = mesh->blas,
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[0], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
+            });
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[1], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
+        } else { // opaque
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[0], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
+            matInstanceData.rayTracingData.add(mesh->blas);
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[2], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
+            matInstanceData.instanceData.add(inst);
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[1], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
+            matInstanceData.instanceMeshData.add(data);
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[3], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
+            matInstanceData.cullingOffsets.add(meshletOffset);
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[2], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
+        }
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[3], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
+    }
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[0], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[4], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[1], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[5], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[2], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[6], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[3], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[7], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[4], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[5], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[4], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[6], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[6], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[7], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[5], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-        addDebugVertex(DebugVertex{.position = corners[7], .color = meshlets[data.meshletOffset + i].color});
-    }*/
 }
 
 void VertexData::createDescriptors() {
@@ -177,37 +138,41 @@ void VertexData::createDescriptors() {
 
 void VertexData::loadMesh(MeshId id, Array<uint32> loadedIndices, Array<Meshlet> loadedMeshlets) {
     std::unique_lock l(vertexDataLock);
-    uint32 meshletOffset = meshlets.size();
+    for (auto&& chunk : loadedMeshlets | std::views::chunk(2048)) {
-    AABB meshAABB;
+        uint32 meshletOffset = meshlets.size();
-    for (uint32 i = 0; i < loadedMeshlets.size(); ++i) {
+        AABB meshAABB;
-        Meshlet& m = loadedMeshlets[i];
+        uint32 numMeshlets = 0;
-        meshAABB = meshAABB.combine(m.boundingBox);
+        for (auto&& m : chunk) {
-        uint32 vertexOffset = vertexIndices.size();
+            numMeshlets++;
-        vertexIndices.resize(vertexOffset + m.numVertices);
+            //...
-        std::memcpy(vertexIndices.data() + vertexOffset, m.uniqueVertices, m.numVertices * sizeof(uint32));
+            meshAABB = meshAABB.combine(m.boundingBox);
-        uint32 primitiveOffset = primitiveIndices.size();
+            uint32 vertexOffset = vertexIndices.size();
-        primitiveIndices.resize(primitiveOffset + (m.numPrimitives * 3));
+            vertexIndices.resize(vertexOffset + m.numVertices);
-        std::memcpy(primitiveIndices.data() + primitiveOffset, m.primitiveLayout, m.numPrimitives * 3 * sizeof(uint8));
+            std::memcpy(vertexIndices.data() + vertexOffset, m.uniqueVertices, m.numVertices * sizeof(uint32));
-        meshlets.add(MeshletDescription{
+            uint32 primitiveOffset = primitiveIndices.size();
-            .bounding = m.boundingBox, //.toSphere(),
+            primitiveIndices.resize(primitiveOffset + (m.numPrimitives * 3));
-            .vertexCount = m.numVertices,
+            std::memcpy(primitiveIndices.data() + primitiveOffset, m.primitiveLayout, m.numPrimitives * 3 * sizeof(uint8));
-            .primitiveCount = m.numPrimitives,
+            meshlets.add(MeshletDescription{
-            .vertexOffset = vertexOffset,
+                .bounding = m.boundingBox, //.toSphere(),
-            .primitiveOffset = primitiveOffset,
+                .vertexCount = m.numVertices,
-            .color = Vector((float)rand() / RAND_MAX, (float)rand() / RAND_MAX, (float)rand() / RAND_MAX),
+                .primitiveCount = m.numPrimitives,
-            .indicesOffset = (uint32)meshOffsets[id],
+                .vertexOffset = vertexOffset,
+                .primitiveOffset = primitiveOffset,
+                .color = Vector((float)rand() / RAND_MAX, (float)rand() / RAND_MAX, (float)rand() / RAND_MAX),
+                .indicesOffset = (uint32)meshOffsets[id],
+            });
+        }
+        meshData[id].add(MeshData{
+            .bounding = meshAABB, //.toSphere(),
+            .numMeshlets = numMeshlets,
+            .meshletOffset = meshletOffset,
         });
     }
-    meshData[id] = MeshData{
+    // todo: in case of a index split for 16 bit, do something here
-        .bounding = meshAABB, //.toSphere(),
+    meshData[id][0].firstIndex = (uint32)indices.size();
-        .numMeshlets = (uint32)loadedMeshlets.size(),
+    meshData[id][0].numIndices = (uint32)loadedIndices.size();
-        .meshletOffset = meshletOffset,
-        .firstIndex = (uint32)indices.size(),
-        .numIndices = (uint32)loadedIndices.size(),
-    };
-
     indices.resize(indices.size() + loadedIndices.size());
-    std::memcpy(indices.data() + meshData[id].firstIndex, loadedIndices.data(), loadedIndices.size() * sizeof(uint32));
+    std::memcpy(indices.data() + meshData[id][0].firstIndex, loadedIndices.data(), loadedIndices.size() * sizeof(uint32));
 }
 
 void VertexData::commitMeshes() {
@@ -268,22 +233,24 @@ MeshId VertexData::allocateVertexData(uint64 numVertices) {
     return res;
 }
 
-void VertexData::serializeMesh(MeshId id, uint64, ArchiveBuffer& buffer) {
+void VertexData::serializeMesh(MeshId id, ArchiveBuffer& buffer) {
     std::unique_lock l(vertexDataLock);
     Array<Meshlet> out;
-    MeshData data = meshData[id];
+    for (uint32 n = 0; n < meshData[id].size(); ++n) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < data.numMeshlets; ++i) {
+        MeshData data = meshData[id][n];
-        MeshletDescription& desc = meshlets[i + data.meshletOffset];
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < data.numMeshlets; ++i) {
-        Meshlet m;
+            MeshletDescription& desc = meshlets[i + data.meshletOffset];
-        std::memcpy(m.uniqueVertices, &vertexIndices[desc.vertexOffset], desc.vertexCount * sizeof(uint32));
+            Meshlet m;
-        std::memcpy(m.primitiveLayout, &primitiveIndices[desc.primitiveOffset], desc.primitiveCount * 3 * sizeof(uint8));
+            std::memcpy(m.uniqueVertices, &vertexIndices[desc.vertexOffset], desc.vertexCount * sizeof(uint32));
-        m.numPrimitives = desc.primitiveCount;
+            std::memcpy(m.primitiveLayout, &primitiveIndices[desc.primitiveOffset], desc.primitiveCount * 3 * sizeof(uint8));
-        m.numVertices = desc.vertexCount;
+            m.numPrimitives = desc.primitiveCount;
-        m.boundingBox = desc.bounding;
+            m.numVertices = desc.vertexCount;
-        out.add(std::move(m));
+            m.boundingBox = desc.bounding;
+            out.add(std::move(m));
+        }
     }
-    Array<uint32> ind(data.numIndices);
+    Array<uint32> ind(meshData[id][0].numIndices);
-    std::memcpy(ind.data(), &indices[data.firstIndex], data.numIndices * sizeof(uint32));
+    std::memcpy(ind.data(), &indices[meshData[id][0].firstIndex], meshData[id][0].numIndices * sizeof(uint32));
     Serialization::save(buffer, out);
     Serialization::save(buffer, ind);
 }
@@ -383,7 +350,9 @@ void VertexData::destroy() {
 
 uint32 VertexData::addCullingMapping(MeshId id) {
     uint32 result = meshletCount;
-    meshletCount += getMeshData(id).numMeshlets;
+    for (const auto& md : getMeshData(id)) {
+        meshletCount += md.numMeshlets;
+    }
     return result;
 }
 

src/Engine/Graphics/VertexData.h

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class VertexData {
     MeshId allocateVertexData(uint64 numVertices);
     uint64 getMeshOffset(MeshId id) const { return meshOffsets[id]; }
     uint64 getMeshVertexCount(MeshId id) { return meshVertexCounts[id]; }
-    virtual void serializeMesh(MeshId id, uint64 numVertices, ArchiveBuffer& buffer);
+    virtual void serializeMesh(MeshId id, ArchiveBuffer& buffer);
     virtual uint64 deserializeMesh(MeshId id, ArchiveBuffer& buffer);
     virtual void bindBuffers(Gfx::PRenderCommand command) = 0;
     virtual Gfx::PDescriptorLayout getVertexDataLayout() = 0;
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class VertexData {
     const Array<MaterialData>& getMaterialData() const { return materialData; }
     const Array<TransparentDraw>& getTransparentData() const { return transparentData; }
     const Array<Gfx::PBottomLevelAS>& getRayTracingData() const { return rayTracingScene; }
-    const MeshData& getMeshData(MeshId id) const { return meshData[id]; }
+    const Array<MeshData>& getMeshData(MeshId id) const { return meshData[id]; }
     void registerBottomLevelAccelerationStructure(Gfx::PBottomLevelAS blas) {
         dataToBuild.add(blas);
     }
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ class VertexData {
 
     uint32 addCullingMapping(MeshId id);
     static uint64 getMeshletCount() { return meshletCount; }
+    constexpr static const char* CULLINGDATA_NAME = "cullingData";
 
   protected:
     virtual void resizeBuffers() = 0;
@@ -113,7 +114,8 @@ class VertexData {
     Array<TransparentDraw> transparentData;
 
     std::mutex vertexDataLock;
-    Array<MeshData> meshData;
+    // each mesh id can have multiple meshdata, in case it needs to be split for having too many meshlets
+    Array<Array<MeshData>> meshData;
     Array<uint64> meshOffsets;
     Array<uint64> meshVertexCounts;
 
@@ -128,27 +130,26 @@ class VertexData {
     Gfx::ODescriptorLayout instanceDataLayout;
     // for mesh shading
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer meshletBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string MESHLET_NAME = "meshlets";
+    constexpr static const char* MESHLET_NAME = "meshlets";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer vertexIndicesBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string VERTEXINDICES_NAME = "vertexIndices";
+    constexpr static const char* VERTEXINDICES_NAME = "vertexIndices";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer primitiveIndicesBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string PRIMITIVEINDICES_NAME = "primitiveIndices";
+    constexpr static const char* PRIMITIVEINDICES_NAME = "primitiveIndices";
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer cullingOffsetBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string CULLINGOFFSETS_NAME = "cullingOffsets";
+    constexpr static const char* CULLINGOFFSETS_NAME = "cullingOffsets";
-    constexpr static std::string CULLINGDATA_NAME = "cullingData";
 
     // for legacy pipeline
     Gfx::OIndexBuffer indexBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string INDEXBUFFER_NAME = "indexBuffer";
+    constexpr static const char* INDEXBUFFER_NAME = "indexBuffer";
     Array<Gfx::PBottomLevelAS> dataToBuild;
     // Material data
     Array<InstanceData> instanceData;
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer instanceBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string INSTANCES_NAME = "instances";
+    constexpr static const char* INSTANCES_NAME = "instances";
 
     Array<MeshData> instanceMeshData;
     Gfx::OShaderBuffer instanceMeshDataBuffer;
-    constexpr static std::string MESHDATA_NAME = "meshData";
+    constexpr static const char* MESHDATA_NAME = "meshData";
 
     Array<Gfx::PBottomLevelAS> rayTracingScene;
 

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Command.cpp

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ void Command::begin() {
 
 void Command::end() {
     VK_CHECK(vkEndCommandBuffer(handle));
+    signalSemaphore->rotateSemaphore();
     state = State::End;
 }
 
@@ -111,15 +112,14 @@ void Command::executeCommands(Array<Gfx::OComputeCommand> commands) {
 }
 
 void Command::waitForSemaphore(VkPipelineStageFlags flags, PSemaphore semaphore) {
+    bindResource(semaphore->getCurrentSemaphore());
     waitSemaphores.add(semaphore);
     waitFlags.add(flags);
-    // std::cout << "Cmd " << handle << " wait for " << semaphore->getHandle() << std::endl;
 }
 
 void Command::checkFence() {
     assert(state == State::Submit || !fence->isSignaled());
     if (fence->isSignaled()) {
-        // std::cout << "Cmd " << handle << " was signaled" << std::endl;
         vkResetCommandBuffer(handle, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT);
         fence->reset();
         for (auto& command : executingComputes) {
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ void Command::checkFence() {
         pool->cacheCommands(std::move(executingRenders));
         for (auto& descriptor : boundResources) {
             descriptor->unbind();
-            // std::cout << "Cmd " << handle << " unbind " << descriptor->getHandle() << std::endl;
         }
+        signalSemaphore->resolveSignal();
         boundResources.clear();
         graphics->getDestructionManager()->notifyCommandComplete();
         state = State::Init;
@@ -561,11 +561,12 @@ void CommandPool::submitCommands(PSemaphore signalSemaphore) {
     assert(command->state == Command::State::Begin); // Not in a renderpass
     command->end();
     Array<VkSemaphore> semaphores = {command->signalSemaphore->getHandle()};
+    command->signalSemaphore->encodeSignal();
     if (signalSemaphore != nullptr) {
         semaphores.add(signalSemaphore->getHandle());
+        signalSemaphore->encodeSignal();
     }
     queue->submitCommandBuffer(command, semaphores);
-    // std::cout << "Cmd " << command->getHandle() << " signalling " << command->signalSemaphore->getHandle() << std::endl;
 
     PSemaphore waitSemaphore = command->signalSemaphore;
     for (uint32 i = 0; i < allocatedBuffers.size(); ++i) {
@@ -587,8 +588,7 @@ void CommandPool::submitCommands(PSemaphore signalSemaphore) {
 }
 
 void CommandPool::refreshCommands() {
-    for (uint32 i = 0; i < allocatedBuffers.size(); ++i)
+    for (uint32 i = 0; i < allocatedBuffers.size(); ++i) {
-    {
         allocatedBuffers[i]->checkFence();
     }
 }

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.cpp

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ void DescriptorLayout::create() {
         } else {
             mappings[gfxBinding.name] = {
                 .binding = (uint32)bindings.size(),
+                .type = cast(gfxBinding.descriptorType),
             };
             bindings.add({
                 .binding = (uint32)bindings.size(),
@@ -205,11 +206,11 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateConstants(const std::string& name, uint32 offset, void
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PShaderBuffer shaderBuffer) {
     PShaderBuffer vulkanBuffer = shaderBuffer.cast<ShaderBuffer>();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() || vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
-
     bufferInfos.add(VkDescriptorBufferInfo{
         .buffer = vulkanBuffer->getHandle(),
         .offset = 0,
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PSh
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -231,7 +232,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PSh
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PVertexBuffer indexBuffer) {
     PVertexBuffer vulkanBuffer = indexBuffer.cast<VertexBuffer>();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() || vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
@@ -248,7 +250,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PVe
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -257,7 +259,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PVe
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PIndexBuffer indexBuffer) {
     PIndexBuffer vulkanBuffer = indexBuffer.cast<IndexBuffer>();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() || vulkanBuffer->getAlloc() == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
@@ -274,7 +277,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PIn
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -283,7 +286,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateBuffer(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PIn
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateSampler(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PSampler samplerState) {
     PSampler vulkanSampler = samplerState.cast<Sampler>();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanSampler->getHandle()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -301,7 +305,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateSampler(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PS
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER,
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pImageInfo = &imageInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -310,7 +314,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateSampler(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PS
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PTexture2D texture) {
     TextureBase* vulkanTexture = texture.cast<TextureBase>().getHandle();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanTexture->getHandle()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -328,7 +333,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PT
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pImageInfo = &imageInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -337,7 +342,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PT
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PTexture3D texture) {
     TextureBase* vulkanTexture = texture.cast<TextureBase>().getHandle();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanTexture->getHandle()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -355,7 +361,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PT
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pImageInfo = &imageInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -364,7 +370,8 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PT
 
 void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PTextureCube texture) {
     TextureBase* vulkanTexture = texture.cast<TextureBase>().getHandle();
-    uint32 binding = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name].binding;
+    const auto& map = owner->getLayout()->mappings[name];
+    uint32 binding = map.binding;
     if (boundResources[binding][index] == vulkanTexture->getHandle()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -382,7 +389,7 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateTexture(const std::string& name, uint32 index, Gfx::PT
         .dstBinding = binding,
         .dstArrayElement = index,
         .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .descriptorType = cast(layout->getBindings()[binding].descriptorType),
+        .descriptorType = map.type,
         .pImageInfo = &imageInfos.back(),
     });
 
@@ -410,6 +417,42 @@ void DescriptorSet::updateAccelerationStructure(const std::string& name, uint32
 }
 
 void DescriptorSet::writeChanges() {
+    if (constantData.size() > 0) {
+        if (constantsBuffer != nullptr)
+        {
+            graphics->getDestructionManager()->queueResourceForDestruction(std::move(constantsBuffer));
+        }
+        constantsBuffer = new BufferAllocation(graphics, owner->getLayout()->getName(),
+                                               VkBufferCreateInfo{
+                                                   .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+                                                   .pNext = nullptr,
+                                                   .size = constantData.size(),
+                                                   .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
+                                               },
+                                               VmaAllocationCreateInfo{
+                                                   .usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO,
+                                               },
+                                               Gfx::QueueType::GRAPHICS);
+        constantsBuffer->updateContents(0, constantData.size(), constantData.data());
+        constantsBuffer->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+                                         Gfx::SE_ACCESS_UNIFORM_READ_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT);
+        bufferInfos.add(VkDescriptorBufferInfo{
+            .buffer = constantsBuffer->buffer,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .range = constantsBuffer->size,
+        });
+        writeDescriptors.add(VkWriteDescriptorSet{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+            .pNext = nullptr,
+            .dstSet = setHandle,
+            .dstBinding = 0,
+            .dstArrayElement = 0,
+            .descriptorCount = 1,
+            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+            .pBufferInfo = &bufferInfos.back(),
+        });
+    }
+    
     if (writeDescriptors.size() > 0) {
         if (isCurrentlyBound()) {
             std::cout << "Descriptor currently bound, allocate a new one instead" << std::endl;
@@ -420,16 +463,6 @@ void DescriptorSet::writeChanges() {
         imageInfos.clear();
         bufferInfos.clear();
     }
-    constantsBuffer = graphics->createUniformBuffer(UniformBufferCreateInfo{
-        .sourceData =
-            {
-                .size = constantData.size(),
-                .data = constantData.data(),
-            },
-        .name = owner->getLayout()->getName(),
-    });
-    constantsBuffer->pipelineBarrier(Gfx::SE_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
-                                     Gfx::SE_ACCESS_UNIFORM_READ_BIT, Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT);
 }
 
 PipelineLayout::PipelineLayout(PGraphics graphics, const std::string& name, Gfx::PPipelineLayout baseLayout)

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Descriptor.h

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 namespace Seele {
 namespace Vulkan {
 DECLARE_REF(Graphics)
-struct DescriptorMapping
+struct DescriptorMapping {
-{
     uint32 binding;
     uint32 constantOffset;
     uint32 constantSize;
+    VkDescriptorType type;
 };
 class DescriptorLayout : public Gfx::DescriptorLayout {
   public:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class DescriptorLayout : public Gfx::DescriptorLayout {
 
   private:
     PGraphics graphics;
-    uint32 constantsSize;
+    uint32 constantsSize = 0;
     VkShaderStageFlags constantsStages;
     Array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings;
     Map<std::string, DescriptorMapping> mappings;
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class DescriptorSet : public Gfx::DescriptorSet, public CommandBoundResource {
 
   private:
     std::vector<uint8> constantData;
-    Gfx::OUniformBuffer constantsBuffer;
+    OBufferAllocation constantsBuffer;
     VkShaderStageFlags constantsStageFlags;
     List<VkDescriptorImageInfo> imageInfos;
     List<VkDescriptorBufferInfo> bufferInfos;

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.cpp

@@ -142,7 +142,9 @@ Graphics::~Graphics() {
 
 void Graphics::init(GraphicsInitializer initInfo) {
     initInstance(initInfo);
-    //setupDebugCallback();
+#ifdef ENABLE_VALIDATION
+    setupDebugCallback();
+#endif
     pickPhysicalDevice();
     createDevice(initInfo);
     VmaAllocatorCreateInfo createInfo = {
@@ -197,6 +199,12 @@ void Graphics::waitDeviceIdle() {
     getGraphicsCommands()->refreshCommands();
 }
 
+void Graphics::executeCommands(Gfx::ORenderCommand commands) {
+    Array<Gfx::ORenderCommand> commandArray;
+    commandArray.add(std::move(commands));
+    getGraphicsCommands()->getCommands()->executeCommands(std::move(commandArray));
+}
+
 void Graphics::executeCommands(Array<Gfx::ORenderCommand> commands) {
     getGraphicsCommands()->getCommands()->executeCommands(std::move(commands));
 }

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Graphics.h

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class Graphics : public Gfx::Graphics {
     virtual void endRenderPass() override;
     virtual void waitDeviceIdle() override;
 
+    virtual void executeCommands(Gfx::ORenderCommand commands) override;
     virtual void executeCommands(Array<Gfx::ORenderCommand> commands) override;
     virtual void executeCommands(Gfx::OComputeCommand commands) override;
     virtual void executeCommands(Array<Gfx::OComputeCommand> commands) override;

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Queue.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ void Queue::submitCommandBuffer(PCommand command, const Array<VkSemaphore>& sign
     VkCommandBuffer cmdHandle = command->handle;
 
     Array<VkSemaphore> waitSemaphores;
+    // wait semaphores get bound to the cmd when they are added
+    // and unbound when the command completes
     for (PSemaphore semaphore : command->waitSemaphores) {
         waitSemaphores.add(semaphore->getHandle());
     }
@@ -40,7 +42,6 @@ void Queue::submitCommandBuffer(PCommand command, const Array<VkSemaphore>& sign
         .signalSemaphoreCount = static_cast<uint32>(signalSemaphores.size()),
         .pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores.data(),
     };
-
     VK_CHECK(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submitInfo, command->fence->getHandle()));
     command->fence->submit();
     command->state = Command::State::Submit;

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/RayTracing.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ BottomLevelAS::BottomLevelAS(PGraphics graphics, const Gfx::BottomLevelASCreateI
         1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
     };
     VertexData* vertexData = createInfo.mesh->vertexData;
-    MeshData meshData = vertexData->getMeshData(createInfo.mesh->id);
+    //todo: indices might be split as well
+    MeshData meshData = vertexData->getMeshData(createInfo.mesh->id)[0];
     vertexOffset = vertexData->getMeshOffset(createInfo.mesh->id) * sizeof(Vector);
     vertexCount = vertexData->getMeshVertexCount(createInfo.mesh->id);
     indexOffset = meshData.firstIndex * sizeof(uint32);

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/RenderPass.cpp

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ RenderPass::RenderPass(PGraphics graphics, Gfx::RenderTargetLayout _layout, Arra
         .colorAttachmentCount = (uint32)colorRefs.size(),
         .pColorAttachments = colorRefs.data(),
         .pResolveAttachments = resolveRefs.size() > 0 ? resolveRefs.data() : nullptr,
-        .pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthRef,
+        .pDepthStencilAttachment = layout.depthAttachment.getTexture() != nullptr ? &depthRef : nullptr,
     };
     Array<VkSubpassDependency2> dep;
     for (const auto& d : dependencies) {

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 using namespace Seele;
 using namespace Seele::Vulkan;
 
-Semaphore::Semaphore(PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics) {
+SemaphoreHandle::SemaphoreHandle(PGraphics graphics, const std::string& name) : CommandBoundResource(graphics, name) {
     VkSemaphoreCreateInfo info = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
@@ -16,8 +16,26 @@ Semaphore::Semaphore(PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics) {
     VK_CHECK(vkCreateSemaphore(graphics->getDevice(), &info, nullptr, &handle));
 }
 
+SemaphoreHandle::~SemaphoreHandle() { vkDestroySemaphore(graphics->getDevice(), handle, nullptr); }
+
+Semaphore::Semaphore(PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics) {}
+
 Semaphore::~Semaphore() {
-    // graphics->getDestructionManager()->queueSemaphore(graphics->getGraphicsCommands()->getCommands(), handle);
+    for (auto& h : handles) {
+        graphics->getDestructionManager()->queueResourceForDestruction(std::move(h));
+    }
+}
+
+void Semaphore::rotateSemaphore() {
+    for (uint32 i = 0; i < handles.size(); ++i) {
+        if (handles[i]->isCurrentlyBound()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        currentHandle = i;
+        return;
+    }
+    currentHandle = handles.size();
+    handles.add(new SemaphoreHandle(graphics, "Semaphore"));
 }
 
 Fence::Fence(PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics), status(Status::Ready) {

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Resources.h

@@ -4,21 +4,67 @@
 #include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
 
-
 namespace Seele {
 namespace Vulkan {
 DECLARE_REF(DescriptorPool)
 DECLARE_REF(CommandPool)
 DECLARE_REF(Command)
 DECLARE_REF(Graphics)
-class Semaphore {
+
+class CommandBoundResource {
   public:
-    Semaphore(PGraphics graphics);
+    CommandBoundResource(PGraphics graphics, const std::string& name) : graphics(graphics), name(name) {}
-    virtual ~Semaphore();
+    virtual ~CommandBoundResource() {
+        if (isCurrentlyBound())
+            abort();
+    }
+    constexpr bool isCurrentlyBound() const { return bindCount > 0; }
+    constexpr void bind() { bindCount++; }
+    constexpr void unbind() { bindCount--; }
+
+  protected:
+    PGraphics graphics;
+    std::string name;
+    uint64 bindCount = 0;
+};
+DEFINE_REF(CommandBoundResource)
+
+class SemaphoreHandle : public CommandBoundResource {
+  public:
+    SemaphoreHandle(PGraphics graphics, const std::string& name);
+    virtual ~SemaphoreHandle();
+
     constexpr VkSemaphore getHandle() const { return handle; }
 
   private:
     VkSemaphore handle;
+};
+DEFINE_REF(SemaphoreHandle)
+
+class Semaphore {
+  public:
+    Semaphore(PGraphics graphics);
+    virtual ~Semaphore();
+    // call when you need a new semaphore
+    void rotateSemaphore();
+    // call when the semaphore is to signal something, for example after using it in vkAcquireImage
+    void encodeSignal() {
+        if (handles.size() == 0)
+            return;
+        handles[currentHandle]->bind();
+    }
+    // call when the semaphore has been signalled
+    void resolveSignal() {
+        if (handles.size() == 0)
+            return;
+        handles[currentHandle]->unbind();
+    }
+    constexpr VkSemaphore getHandle() const { return handles[currentHandle]->getHandle(); }
+    PSemaphoreHandle getCurrentSemaphore() const { return handles[currentHandle]; }
+
+  private:
+    Array<OSemaphoreHandle> handles;
+    uint32 currentHandle = 0;
     PGraphics graphics;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(Semaphore)
@@ -45,7 +91,6 @@ class Fence {
     VkFence fence;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(Fence)
-DECLARE_REF(CommandBoundResource)
 class DestructionManager {
   public:
     DestructionManager(PGraphics graphics);
@@ -59,24 +104,6 @@ class DestructionManager {
 };
 DEFINE_REF(DestructionManager)
 
-class CommandBoundResource {
-  public:
-    CommandBoundResource(PGraphics graphics, const std::string& name) : graphics(graphics), name(name) {}
-    virtual ~CommandBoundResource() {
-        if (isCurrentlyBound())
-            abort();
-    }
-    constexpr bool isCurrentlyBound() const { return bindCount > 0; }
-    constexpr void bind() { bindCount++; }
-    constexpr void unbind() { bindCount--; }
-
-  protected:
-    PGraphics graphics;
-    std::string name;
-    uint64 bindCount = 0;
-};
-DEFINE_REF(CommandBoundResource)
-
 class SamplerHandle : public CommandBoundResource {
   public:
     SamplerHandle(PGraphics graphics, VkSamplerCreateInfo createInfo);

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.cpp

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ Window::Window(PGraphics graphics, const WindowCreateInfo& createInfo)
     : graphics(graphics), preferences(createInfo), instance(graphics->getInstance()), swapchain(VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
     glfwGetMonitorContentScale(glfwGetPrimaryMonitor(), &contentScaleX, &contentScaleY);
     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
+    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_VISIBLE, GLFW_FALSE);
     GLFWwindow* handle = glfwCreateWindow(createInfo.width / contentScaleX, createInfo.height / contentScaleY, createInfo.title, nullptr, nullptr);
     windowHandle = handle;
     glfwSetWindowUserPointer(handle, this);
@@ -92,11 +93,16 @@ Window::~Window() {
 
 void Window::pollInput() { glfwPollEvents(); }
 
+void Window::show() { glfwShowWindow(static_cast<GLFWwindow*>(windowHandle)); }
+
 void Window::beginFrame() {
     imageAvailableFences[currentSemaphoreIndex]->reset();
+    imageAvailableSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->resolveSignal();
+    imageAvailableSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->rotateSemaphore();
     VK_CHECK(vkAcquireNextImageKHR(graphics->getDevice(), swapchain, std::numeric_limits<uint64>::max(),
                                    imageAvailableSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->getHandle(),
                                    imageAvailableFences[currentSemaphoreIndex]->getHandle(), &currentImageIndex));
+    imageAvailableSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->encodeSignal();
     imageAvailableFences[currentSemaphoreIndex]->submit();
     graphics->getGraphicsCommands()->getCommands()->waitForSemaphore(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
                                                                      imageAvailableSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]);
@@ -111,6 +117,7 @@ void Window::endFrame() {
     swapChainTextures[currentImageIndex]->changeLayout(Gfx::SE_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
                                                        Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, Gfx::SE_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT,
                                                        Gfx::SE_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT);
+    renderingDoneSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->rotateSemaphore();
     graphics->getGraphicsCommands()->submitCommands(renderingDoneSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]);
     VkSemaphore renderDoneHandle = renderingDoneSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->getHandle();
     VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo = {
@@ -130,6 +137,7 @@ void Window::endFrame() {
     } else {
         VK_CHECK(r);
     }
+    renderingDoneSemaphores[currentSemaphoreIndex]->resolveSignal();
     currentSemaphoreIndex = (currentSemaphoreIndex + 1) % Gfx::numFramesBuffered;
     currentFrameIndex = currentSemaphoreIndex;
     // graphics->waitDeviceIdle();

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/Window.h

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ class Window : public Gfx::Window {
     Window(PGraphics graphics, const WindowCreateInfo& createInfo);
     virtual ~Window();
     virtual void pollInput() override;
+    virtual void show() override;
     virtual void beginFrame() override;
     virtual void endFrame() override;
     virtual Gfx::PTexture2D getBackBuffer() const override;

src/Engine/Graphics/Window.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Window::~Window() {}
 Viewport::Viewport(PWindow owner, const ViewportCreateInfo& viewportInfo)
     : sizeX(std::min(owner->getFramebufferWidth(), viewportInfo.dimensions.size.x)),
       sizeY(std::min(owner->getFramebufferHeight(), viewportInfo.dimensions.size.y)), offsetX(viewportInfo.dimensions.offset.x),
-      offsetY(viewportInfo.dimensions.offset.y), fieldOfView(viewportInfo.fieldOfView), samples(viewportInfo.numSamples), owner(owner) {}
+      offsetY(viewportInfo.dimensions.offset.y), fieldOfView(viewportInfo.fieldOfView), owner(owner) {}
 
 Viewport::~Viewport() {}
 

src/Engine/Graphics/Window.h

@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ class Viewport {
     constexpr uint32 getOffsetY() const { return offsetY; }
     constexpr float getContentScaleX() const { return owner->getContentScaleX(); }
     constexpr float getContentScaleY() const { return owner->getContentScaleY(); }
-    constexpr Gfx::SeSampleCountFlags getSamples() const { return samples; }
     Matrix4 getProjectionMatrix() const;
 
   protected:
@@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ class Viewport {
     uint32 offsetX;
     uint32 offsetY;
     float fieldOfView;
-    Gfx::SeSampleCountFlags samples;
     PWindow owner;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(Viewport)

src/Engine/Graphics/slang-compile.cpp

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void Seele::beginCompilation(const ShaderCompilationInfo& info, SlangCompileTarg
             .value =
                 {
                     .kind = slang::CompilerOptionValueKind::Int,
-                    .intValue0 = SLANG_DEBUG_INFO_LEVEL_NONE,
+                    .intValue0 = SLANG_DEBUG_INFO_LEVEL_STANDARD,
                 },
         },
         {

src/Engine/Scene/LightEnvironment.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LightEnvironment::LightEnvironment(Gfx::PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics)
     });
     layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
         .name = "numDirectionalLights",
-        .uniformLength = sizeof(uint)
+        .uniformLength = sizeof(uint32),
     });
     layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
         .name = "pointLights",
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ LightEnvironment::LightEnvironment(Gfx::PGraphics graphics) : graphics(graphics)
     });
     layout->addDescriptorBinding(Gfx::DescriptorBinding{
         .name = "numPointLights",
-        .uniformLength = sizeof(uint)
+        .uniformLength = sizeof(uint32),
     });
     layout->create();
 

src/Engine/Window/GameView.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "Graphics/RenderPass/RayTracingPass.h"
 #include "Graphics/RenderPass/RenderGraphResources.h"
 #include "Graphics/RenderPass/VisibilityPass.h"
+#include "Graphics/RenderPass/ToneMappingPass.h"
 #include "System/CameraUpdater.h"
 #include "System/LightGather.h"
 #include "System/MeshUpdater.h"
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ GameView::GameView(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, PWindow window, const ViewportCreate
     renderGraph.addPass(new VisibilityPass(graphics));
     renderGraph.addPass(new LightCullingPass(graphics, scene));
     renderGraph.addPass(new BasePass(graphics, scene));
+    renderGraph.addPass(new ToneMappingPass(graphics));
     renderGraph.setViewport(viewport);
     renderGraph.createRenderPass();
     if (graphics->supportRayTracing()) {