Basic mutability framework

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
             "type": "cppvsdbg",
             "request": "launch",
             "program": "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug/Seele_unit_tests.exe",
-            "args": [],
+            "args": ["--detect_memory_leaks=15533"],
             "stopAtEntry": false,
             "console": "internalConsole",
             "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}/bin/Debug",

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ add_subdirectory(src/)
 
 if(MSVC)
   set(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
-  target_compile_options(SeeleEngine PRIVATE /DEBUG:FASTLINK /Zi)
+  target_compile_options(SeeleEngine PRIVATE /Zi)
 else()
   target_compile_options(SeeleEngine PRIVATE -g -Wall -Wextra -Wno-delete-incomplete -pedantic -fcoroutines)
 endif()

CMakeSettings.json

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
       "cmakeCommandArgs": "-DUSE_SUPERBUILD=OFF",
       "buildCommandArgs": "",
       "ctestCommandArgs": "",
-      "variables": []
+      "inheritEnvironments": []
     }
   ]
 }

src/Engine/Asset/Asset.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Asset::Asset()
     , parentDir("")
     , extension("")
     , status(Status::Uninitialized)
+    , byteSize(0)
 {
 }
 Asset::Asset(const std::filesystem::path& path)

src/Engine/Asset/Asset.h

@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ public:
     std::string getExtension() const;
     inline Status getStatus() 
     {
-        std::unique_lock lck(lock);
+        std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
         return status;
     }
     inline void setStatus(Status status)
     {
-        std::unique_lock lck(lock);
+        std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
         this->status = status;
     }
 protected:

src/Engine/Asset/MeshAsset.cpp

@@ -25,24 +25,20 @@ MeshAsset::~MeshAsset()
 }
 void MeshAsset::save()
 {
-    boost::archive::text_oarchive archive(getWriteStream());
-    archive << meshes;
 }
 void MeshAsset::load() 
 {
-    boost::archive::text_iarchive archive(getReadStream());
-    archive >> meshes;
 }
 
 void MeshAsset::addMesh(PMesh mesh) 
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(lock);
-    meshes.add(mesh);
-    referencedMaterials.add(mesh->referencedMaterial);   
+    std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
+    meshes.push_back(mesh);
+    referencedMaterials.push_back(mesh->referencedMaterial);   
 }
 
-const Array<PMesh> MeshAsset::getMeshes()
+const std::vector<PMesh> MeshAsset::getMeshes()
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(lock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
     return meshes;
 }

src/Engine/Asset/MeshAsset.h

@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ public:
     virtual void save() override;
     virtual void load() override;
     void addMesh(PMesh mesh);
-    const Array<PMesh> getMeshes();
+    const std::vector<PMesh> getMeshes();
     //Workaround while no editor
-    Array<PMaterialAsset> referencedMaterials;
+    std::vector<PMaterialAsset> referencedMaterials;
 private:
-    Array<PMesh> meshes;
+    std::vector<PMesh> meshes;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(MeshAsset)
 } // namespace Seele

src/Engine/Asset/MeshLoader.cpp

@@ -122,7 +122,9 @@ VertexStreamComponent createVertexStream(uint32 size, aiVector3D* sourceData, Gf
     vbInfo.resourceData.data = (uint8 *)buffer.data();
     vbInfo.resourceData.owner = Gfx::QueueType::DEDICATED_TRANSFER;
     vbInfo.resourceData.size = sizeof(Vector) * (uint32)buffer.size();
-    return VertexStreamComponent(graphics->createVertexBuffer(vbInfo), 0, vbInfo.vertexSize, Gfx::SE_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT);
+    Gfx::PVertexBuffer vertexBuffer = graphics->createVertexBuffer(vbInfo);
+    vertexBuffer->transferOwnership(Gfx::QueueType::GRAPHICS);
+    return VertexStreamComponent(vertexBuffer, 0, vbInfo.vertexSize, Gfx::SE_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT);
 }
 VertexStreamComponent createVertexStream(uint32 size, aiVector2D* sourceData, Gfx::PGraphics graphics)
 {
@@ -137,7 +139,9 @@ VertexStreamComponent createVertexStream(uint32 size, aiVector2D* sourceData, Gf
     vbInfo.resourceData.data = (uint8 *)buffer.data();
     vbInfo.resourceData.owner = Gfx::QueueType::DEDICATED_TRANSFER;
     vbInfo.resourceData.size = sizeof(Vector2) * (uint32)buffer.size();
-    return VertexStreamComponent(graphics->createVertexBuffer(vbInfo), 0, vbInfo.vertexSize, Gfx::SE_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT);
+    Gfx::PVertexBuffer vertexBuffer = graphics->createVertexBuffer(vbInfo);
+    vertexBuffer->transferOwnership(Gfx::QueueType::GRAPHICS);
+    return VertexStreamComponent(vertexBuffer, 0, vbInfo.vertexSize, Gfx::SE_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT);
 }
 void MeshLoader::loadGlobalMeshes(const aiScene* scene, Array<PMesh>& globalMeshes, const Array<PMaterialAsset>& materials, Gfx::PGraphics graphics)
 {

src/Engine/Asset/TextureAsset.h

@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ public:
     virtual void load() override;
     void setTexture(Gfx::PTexture texture)
     {
-        std::unique_lock lck(lock);
+        std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
         this->texture = texture;
     }
     Gfx::PTexture getTexture()
     {
-        std::unique_lock lck(lock);
+        std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
         return texture;
     }
 private:

src/Engine/Containers/Array.h

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 
 namespace Seele
 {
-    template <typename T, typename Allocator = std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator<T>>
-    struct Array
-    {
-    public:
+template <typename T, typename Allocator = std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator<T>>
+struct Array
+{
+public:
     template <typename X>
     class IteratorBase
     {
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ namespace Seele
         , allocator(alloc)
     {
         _data = allocateArray(size);
+        assert(_data != nullptr);
         for (size_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
         {
             _data[i] = value;
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ namespace Seele
         , allocator(alloc)
     {
         _data = allocateArray(size);
+        assert(_data != nullptr);
         for (size_type i = 0; i < size; ++i)
         {
             std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::construct(allocator, &_data[i]);
@@ -142,6 +144,7 @@ namespace Seele
         , allocator(alloc)
     {
         _data = allocateArray(init.size());
+        assert(_data != nullptr);
         markIteratorDirty();
         std::uninitialized_copy(init.begin(), init.end(), begin());
     }
@@ -151,6 +154,7 @@ namespace Seele
         , allocator(std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(other.allocator))
     {
         _data = allocateArray(other.allocated);
+        assert(_data != nullptr);
         markIteratorDirty();
         std::uninitialized_copy(other.begin(), other.end(), begin());
     }
@@ -174,17 +178,16 @@ namespace Seele
                 if (!std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::is_always_equal::value
                     && allocator != other.allocator)
                 {
-                        deallocateArray(_data, allocated);
-                        _data = nullptr;
+                    clear();
                 }
                 allocator = other.allocator;
             }
-                if(_data == nullptr || other.arraySize > allocated)
+            if (other.arraySize > allocated)
             {
-                    if(_data != nullptr)
-                    {
-                        deallocateArray(_data, allocated);
+                clear();
             }
+            if(_data == nullptr)
+            {
                 _data = allocateArray(other.allocated);
                 allocated = other.allocated;
             }
@@ -200,18 +203,11 @@ namespace Seele
         {
             if constexpr (std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::propagate_on_container_move_assignment::value)
             {
-                    if (!std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::is_always_equal::value
-                     && allocator != other.allocator)
-                    {
-                        deallocateArray(_data, allocated);
-                        _data = nullptr;
-                    }
                 allocator = std::move(other.allocator);
             }
             if (_data != nullptr)
             {
-                    deallocateArray(_data, allocated);
-                    _data = nullptr;
+                clear();
             }
             allocated = std::move(other.allocated);
             arraySize = std::move(other.arraySize);
@@ -286,6 +282,13 @@ namespace Seele
     {
         return addInternal(std::forward<T>(item));
     }
+    constexpr void addAll(Array other)
+    {
+        for(auto value : other)
+        {
+            addInternal(value);
+        }
+    }
     constexpr reference addUnique(const value_type &item = value_type())
     {
         iterator it;
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ namespace Seele
         }
         for(size_type i = 0; i < arraySize; ++i)
         {
-                _data[i].~T();
+            std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::destroy(allocator, &_data[i]);
         }
         deallocateArray(_data, allocated);
         _data = nullptr;
@@ -401,7 +404,7 @@ namespace Seele
     }
     void pop()
     {
-            _data[--arraySize].~T();
+        std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::destroy(allocator, &_data[--arraySize]);
         markIteratorDirty();
     }
     constexpr inline reference operator[](size_type index)
@@ -414,17 +417,17 @@ namespace Seele
         assert(index < arraySize);
         return _data[index];
     }
-    private:
+private:
     size_type calculateGrowth(size_type newSize) const
     {
         const size_type oldCapacity = capacity();
 
-            if (oldCapacity > SIZE_MAX - oldCapacity / 2)
+        if (oldCapacity > SIZE_MAX - oldCapacity)
         {
             return newSize; // geometric growth would overflow
         }
 
-            const size_type geometric = oldCapacity + oldCapacity / 2;
+        const size_type geometric = oldCapacity + oldCapacity;
 
         if (geometric < newSize)
         {
@@ -529,12 +532,12 @@ namespace Seele
     Iterator endIt;
     T *_data = nullptr;
     allocator_type allocator;
-    };
+};
 
-    template <typename T, size_t N>
-    struct StaticArray
-    {
-    public:	
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct StaticArray
+{
+public:	
     template <typename X>
     class IteratorBase
     {
@@ -662,7 +665,7 @@ namespace Seele
     {
         return beginIt;
     }
-    private:
+private:
     T _data[N];
     iterator beginIt;
     iterator endIt;
@@ -674,5 +677,5 @@ namespace Seele
         ar & N;
         ar & _data;
     }
-    };
+};
 } // namespace Seele

src/Engine/Containers/Array.natvis

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<AutoVisualizer xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/vstudio/debugger/natvis/2010">
+  <Type Name="Seele::Array&lt;*&gt;">
+    <DisplayString>{{ size={arraySize} }}</DisplayString>
+    <Expand>
+        <Item Name="[size]" ExcludeView="simple">arraySize</Item>
+        <Item Name="[allocated]" ExcludeView="simple">allocated</Item>
+        <ArrayItems>
+            <Size>arraySize</Size>
+            <ValuePointer>_data</ValuePointer>
+        </ArrayItems>
+  </Type>
+</AutoVisualizer>

src/Engine/Containers/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 target_sources(SeeleEngine
 	PRIVATE
+		Array.natvis
 		Array.h
 		Map.h
 		List.h)

src/Engine/Containers/List.h

@@ -152,15 +152,7 @@ public:
     {
         if(this != &other)
         {
-            if(root != nullptr)
-            {
-                delete root;
-            }
-            if(tail != nullptr)
-            {
-                delete tail;
-            }
-            _size = 0;
+            clear();
             for(const auto& it : other)
             {
                 add(it);
@@ -172,11 +164,8 @@ public:
     List& operator=(List&& other)
     {
         if(this != &other)
-        {
-            if(root != nullptr)
         {
             clear();
-            }
             root = other.root;
             tail = other.tail;
             beginIt = other.beginIt;
@@ -205,6 +194,7 @@ public:
         for (Node *tmp = root; tmp != tail;)
         {
             tmp = tmp->next;
+            destroyNode(tmp->prev);
             deallocateNode(tmp->prev);
         }
         deallocateNode(tail);
@@ -216,43 +206,16 @@ public:
     //Insert at the end
     iterator add(const T &value)
     {
-        if (root == nullptr)
-        {
-            root = allocateNode();
-            tail = root;
-        }
-        initializeNode(tail, value);
-        Node *newTail = allocateNode();
-        newTail->prev = tail;
-        newTail->next = nullptr;
-        tail->next = newTail;
-        iterator insertedElement(tail);
-        tail = newTail;
-        markIteratorDirty();
-        _size++;
-        return insertedElement;
+        return addInternal(value);
     }
     iterator add(T&& value)
     {
-        if (root == nullptr)
-        {
-            root = allocateNode();
-            tail = root;
-        }
-        initializeNode(tail, std::move(value));
-        Node *newTail = allocateNode();
-        newTail->prev = tail;
-        newTail->next = nullptr;
-        tail->next = newTail;
-        Iterator insertedElement(tail);
-        tail = newTail;
-        markIteratorDirty();
-        _size++;
-        return insertedElement;
+        return addInternal(std::move(value));
     }
     // takes all elements from other and move-inserts them into
     // this, clearing other in the process
-    void moveElements(List& other){
+    void moveElements(List& other)
+    {
         tail->prev->next = other.root;
         other.root->prev = tail->prev;
         _size += other._size;
@@ -309,12 +272,13 @@ public:
         }
         if(next == nullptr)
         {
-            root = prev;
+            tail = prev;
         }
         else
         {
             next->prev = prev;
         }
+        destroyNode(pos.node);
         deallocateNode(pos.node);
         markIteratorDirty();
         return Iterator(next);
@@ -408,10 +372,33 @@ private:
             node->next, 
             std::forward<Type>(data));
     }
+    void destroyNode(Node* node)
+    {
+        std::allocator_traits<NodeAllocator>::destroy(allocator, node);
+    }
     void deallocateNode(Node* node)
     {
         allocator.deallocate(node, 1);
     }
+    template<typename ValueType>
+    iterator addInternal(ValueType&& value)
+    {
+        if (root == nullptr)
+        {
+            root = allocateNode();
+            tail = root;
+        }
+        initializeNode(tail, std::forward<ValueType>(value));
+        Node* newTail = allocateNode();
+        newTail->prev = tail;
+        newTail->next = nullptr;
+        tail->next = newTail;
+        Iterator insertedElement(tail);
+        tail = newTail;
+        markIteratorDirty();
+        _size++;
+        return insertedElement;
+    }
     void markIteratorDirty()
     {
         beginIt = Iterator(root);
@@ -421,10 +408,10 @@ private:
     }
     Node *root;
     Node *tail;
-    Iterator beginIt;
-    Iterator endIt;
-    ConstIterator cbeginIt;
-    ConstIterator cendIt;
+    iterator beginIt;
+    iterator endIt;
+    const_iterator cbeginIt;
+    const_iterator cendIt;
     size_type _size;
     NodeAllocator allocator;
 };

src/Engine/Graphics/Graphics.h

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public:
     virtual PSamplerState createSamplerState(const SamplerCreateInfo& createInfo) = 0;
 
 	virtual PDescriptorLayout createDescriptorLayout(const std::string& name = "") = 0;
-	virtual PPipelineLayout createPipelineLayout() = 0;
+	virtual PPipelineLayout createPipelineLayout(PPipelineLayout baseLayout = nullptr) = 0;
 
 	virtual void copyTexture(Gfx::PTexture srcTexture, Gfx::PTexture dstTexture) = 0;
     

src/Engine/Graphics/GraphicsInitializer.h

@@ -22,20 +22,13 @@ struct GraphicsInitializer
     GraphicsInitializer()
         : applicationName("SeeleEngine")
         , engineName("SeeleEngine")
+        , windowLayoutFile(nullptr)
         , layers{"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation", "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_monitor"}
         , instanceExtensions{}
         , deviceExtensions{"VK_KHR_swapchain"}
         , windowHandle(nullptr)
     {
     }
-    GraphicsInitializer(const GraphicsInitializer &other)
-        : applicationName(other.applicationName)
-        , engineName(other.engineName)
-        , layers(other.layers)
-        , instanceExtensions(other.instanceExtensions)
-        , deviceExtensions(other.deviceExtensions)
-    {
-    }
 };
 struct WindowCreateInfo
 {

src/Engine/Graphics/GraphicsResources.cpp

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ ShaderCollection& ShaderMap::createShaders(
 	VertexInputType* vertexInput,
 	bool /*bPositionOnly*/)
 {
+	std::scoped_lock lock(shadersLock);
 	ShaderCollection& collection = shaders.add();
 	//collection.vertexDeclaration = bPositionOnly ? vertexInput->getPositionDeclaration() : vertexInput->getDeclaration();
 
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ void DescriptorLayout::addDescriptorBinding(uint32 bindingIndex, SeDescriptorTyp
 
 PDescriptorSet DescriptorLayout::allocateDescriptorSet()
 {
-	std::unique_lock lock(allocatorLock);
+	std::scoped_lock lock(allocatorLock);
 	PDescriptorSet result;
 	allocator->allocateDescriptorSet(result);
 	return result;
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ PDescriptorSet DescriptorLayout::allocateDescriptorSet()
 
 void DescriptorLayout::reset() 
 {
-	std::unique_lock lock(allocatorLock);
+	std::scoped_lock lock(allocatorLock);
 	allocator->reset();
 }
 
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ static Map<uint32, PVertexDeclaration> vertexDeclarationCache;
 
 PVertexDeclaration VertexDeclaration::createDeclaration(PGraphics graphics, const Array<VertexElement>& elementList)
 {
-	std::unique_lock lock(vertexDeclarationLock);
+	std::scoped_lock lock(vertexDeclarationLock);
 	boost::crc_32_type result;
 	result.process_bytes(&elementList, sizeof(VertexElement) * elementList.size());
 	uint32 key = result.checksum();

src/Engine/Graphics/GraphicsResources.h

@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ public:
         VertexInputType* vertexInput,
         bool bPositionOnly);
 private:
+    std::mutex shadersLock;
     Array<ShaderCollection> shaders;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(ShaderMap)
@@ -242,7 +243,14 @@ DEFINE_REF(DescriptorLayout)
 class PipelineLayout
 {
 public:
-    PipelineLayout() {}
+    PipelineLayout(PPipelineLayout baseLayout)
+    {
+        if(baseLayout != nullptr)
+        {
+            descriptorSetLayouts = baseLayout->descriptorSetLayouts;
+            pushConstants = baseLayout->pushConstants;
+        }
+    }
     virtual ~PipelineLayout() {}
     virtual void create() = 0;
     virtual void reset() = 0;

src/Engine/Graphics/Mesh.h

@@ -15,11 +15,6 @@ public:
     PVertexShaderInput vertexInput;
     PMaterialAsset referencedMaterial;
 private:
-	friend class boost::serialization::access;
-	template<class Archive>
-	void serialize(Archive&, const unsigned int)
-	{
-    }
 };
 DEFINE_REF(Mesh)
 } // namespace Seele

src/Engine/Graphics/MeshBatch.cpp

@@ -24,5 +24,6 @@ MeshBatch::MeshBatch()
     , topology(Gfx::SE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST)
     , vertexInput(nullptr)
     , material(nullptr)
+    , elements()
 {
 }

src/Engine/Graphics/MeshBatch.h

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public:
 };
 struct MeshBatch
 {
-    Array<MeshBatchElement> elements;
+    std::vector<MeshBatchElement> elements;
 
     uint8 useReverseCulling : 1;
     uint8 isBackfaceCullingDisabled : 1;
@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ struct MeshBatch
     }
 
     MeshBatch();
+    MeshBatch(const MeshBatch& other) = default;
+    MeshBatch(MeshBatch&& other) = default;
+    MeshBatch& operator=(const MeshBatch& other) = default;
+    MeshBatch& operator=(MeshBatch&& other) = default;
 };
 DECLARE_REF(PrimitiveComponent)
 struct StaticMeshBatch : public MeshBatch

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/BasePass.cpp

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ BasePassMeshProcessor::~BasePassMeshProcessor()
 { 
 }
 
-void BasePassMeshProcessor::processMeshBatch(
+Job BasePassMeshProcessor::processMeshBatch(
     const MeshBatch& batch, 
 //    const PPrimitiveComponent primitiveComponent,
     const Gfx::PRenderPass& renderPass,
-    Gfx::PPipelineLayout pipelineLayout,
+    Gfx::PPipelineLayout baseLayout,
     Gfx::PDescriptorLayout primitiveLayout,
     Array<Gfx::PDescriptorSet> descriptorSets,
     int32 /*staticMeshId*/) 
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ void BasePassMeshProcessor::processMeshBatch(
     Gfx::PRenderCommand renderCommand = graphics->createRenderCommand();    
     renderCommand->setViewport(target);
     
+    Gfx::PPipelineLayout pipelineLayout = graphics->createPipelineLayout(baseLayout);
     pipelineLayout->addDescriptorLayout(BasePass::INDEX_MATERIAL, material->getDescriptorLayout());
     pipelineLayout->create();
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet materialSet = material->createDescriptorSet();
@@ -63,9 +64,9 @@ void BasePassMeshProcessor::processMeshBatch(
             collection->fragmentShader,
             false);
     }
-    std::unique_lock lock(commandLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(commandLock);
     renderCommands.add(renderCommand);
-    //co_return;
+    co_return;
 }
 
 BasePass::BasePass(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, Gfx::PViewport viewport, PCameraActor source) 
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ MainJob BasePass::render()
     for (auto &&meshBatch : passData.staticDrawList)
     {
         //jobs.add(
-        processor->processMeshBatch(meshBatch, renderPass, basePassLayout, primitiveLayout, descriptorSets);
+        co_await processor->processMeshBatch(meshBatch, renderPass, basePassLayout, primitiveLayout, descriptorSets);
     }
     //co_await Job::all(jobs);
     graphics->executeCommands(processor->getRenderCommands());

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/BasePass.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ public:
     BasePassMeshProcessor(Gfx::PViewport viewport, Gfx::PGraphics graphics, uint8 translucentBasePass);
     virtual ~BasePassMeshProcessor();
 
-    virtual void processMeshBatch(
+    virtual Job processMeshBatch(
         const MeshBatch& batch, 
 //        const PPrimitiveComponent primitiveComponent,
         const Gfx::PRenderPass& renderPass,
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ DECLARE_REF(CameraActor)
 DECLARE_REF(CameraComponent)
 struct BasePassData
 {
-    Array<StaticMeshBatch> staticDrawList;
+    std::vector<StaticMeshBatch> staticDrawList;
 };
 class BasePass : public RenderPass<BasePassData>
 {

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/DepthPrepass.cpp

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ DepthPrepassMeshProcessor::~DepthPrepassMeshProcessor()
 { 
 }
 
-void DepthPrepassMeshProcessor::processMeshBatch(
+Job DepthPrepassMeshProcessor::processMeshBatch(
     const MeshBatch& batch, 
 //    const PPrimitiveComponent primitiveComponent,
     const Gfx::PRenderPass& renderPass,
-    Gfx::PPipelineLayout pipelineLayout,
+    Gfx::PPipelineLayout baseLayout,
     Gfx::PDescriptorLayout primitiveLayout,
     Array<Gfx::PDescriptorSet> descriptorSets,
     int32 /*staticMeshId*/) 
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ void DepthPrepassMeshProcessor::processMeshBatch(
     
     Gfx::PRenderCommand renderCommand = graphics->createRenderCommand();    
     renderCommand->setViewport(target);
+    Gfx::PPipelineLayout pipelineLayout = graphics->createPipelineLayout(baseLayout);
     pipelineLayout->addDescriptorLayout(DepthPrepass::INDEX_MATERIAL, material->getDescriptorLayout());
     pipelineLayout->create();
     Gfx::PDescriptorSet materialSet = material->createDescriptorSet();
@@ -61,10 +62,10 @@ void DepthPrepassMeshProcessor::processMeshBatch(
             collection->fragmentShader,
             true);
     }
-    std::unique_lock lock(commandLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(commandLock);
     renderCommands.add(renderCommand);
     //std::cout << "Finished depth job" << std::endl;
-    //co_return;
+    co_return;
 }
 
 DepthPrepass::DepthPrepass(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, Gfx::PViewport viewport, PCameraActor source) 
@@ -128,10 +129,9 @@ MainJob DepthPrepass::render()
     for (auto &&meshBatch : passData.staticDrawList)
     {
         //jobs.add(
-        processor->processMeshBatch(meshBatch, renderPass, depthPrepassLayout, primitiveLayout, descriptorSets);
+        co_await processor->processMeshBatch(meshBatch, renderPass, depthPrepassLayout, primitiveLayout, descriptorSets);
     }
     //co_await Job::all(jobs);
-    //std::cout << "Finished waiting depth jobs " << std::endl;
     graphics->executeCommands(processor->getRenderCommands());
     graphics->endRenderPass();
     co_return;

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/DepthPrepass.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ public:
     DepthPrepassMeshProcessor(Gfx::PViewport viewport, Gfx::PGraphics graphics);
     virtual ~DepthPrepassMeshProcessor();
     
-    virtual void processMeshBatch(
+    virtual Job processMeshBatch(
         const MeshBatch& batch,
         const Gfx::PRenderPass& renderPass,
         Gfx::PPipelineLayout pipelineLayout,
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ DECLARE_REF(CameraActor)
 DECLARE_REF(CameraComponent)
 struct DepthPrepassData
 {
-    Array<StaticMeshBatch> staticDrawList;
+    std::vector<StaticMeshBatch> staticDrawList;
 };
 class DepthPrepass : public RenderPass<DepthPrepassData>
 {

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/MeshProcessor.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "MeshProcessor.h"
 #include "Graphics/Graphics.h"
 #include "Graphics/VertexShaderInput.h"
+#include "Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanGraphicsResources.h"
 
 using namespace Seele;
 
@@ -32,8 +33,6 @@ void MeshProcessor::buildMeshDrawCommand(
 
     GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInitializer;
     pipelineInitializer.topology = meshBatch.topology;
-    Gfx::PVertexDeclaration vertexDecl = positionOnly ? vertexInput->getPositionDeclaration() : vertexInput->getDeclaration();
-    pipelineInitializer.vertexDeclaration = vertexDecl;
     pipelineInitializer.vertexShader = vertexShader;
     pipelineInitializer.controlShader = controlShader;
     pipelineInitializer.evalShader = evaluationShader;
@@ -46,10 +45,12 @@ void MeshProcessor::buildMeshDrawCommand(
     if(positionOnly)
     {
         vertexInput->getPositionOnlyStream(vertexStreams);
+        pipelineInitializer.vertexDeclaration = vertexInput->getPositionDeclaration();
     }
     else
     {
         vertexInput->getStreams(vertexStreams);
+        pipelineInitializer.vertexDeclaration = vertexInput->getDeclaration();
     }
     Gfx::PGraphicsPipeline pipeline = graphics->createGraphicsPipeline(pipelineInitializer);
     drawCommand->bindPipeline(pipeline);

src/Engine/Graphics/RenderPass/MeshProcessor.h

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public:
 protected:
     PScene scene;
     Gfx::PGraphics graphics;
-    virtual void processMeshBatch(
+    virtual Job processMeshBatch(
         const MeshBatch& batch, 
 //        const PPrimitiveComponent primitiveComponent,
         const Gfx::PRenderPass& renderPass,

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/NsightAftermathGpuCrashTracker.cpp

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ void GpuCrashTracker::Initialize()
 void GpuCrashTracker::OnCrashDump(const void* pGpuCrashDump, const uint32_t gpuCrashDumpSize)
 {
     // Make sure only one thread at a time...
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
 
     // Write to file for later in-depth analysis with Nsight Graphics.
     WriteGpuCrashDumpToFile(pGpuCrashDump, gpuCrashDumpSize);
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ void GpuCrashTracker::OnCrashDump(const void* pGpuCrashDump, const uint32_t gpuC
 void GpuCrashTracker::OnShaderDebugInfo(const void* pShaderDebugInfo, const uint32_t shaderDebugInfoSize)
 {
     // Make sure only one thread at a time...
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
 
     // Get shader debug information identifier
     GFSDK_Aftermath_ShaderDebugInfoIdentifier identifier = {};

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanAllocator.cpp

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Allocation::~Allocation()
 
 PSubAllocation Allocation::getSuballocation(VkDeviceSize requestedSize, VkDeviceSize alignment)
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(lock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
     if (isDedicated)
     {
         if (activeAllocations.empty() && requestedSize == bytesAllocated)
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ void Allocation::markFree(SubAllocation *allocation)
     PSubAllocation freeRangeToDelete;
 
     {
-        std::unique_lock lck(lock);
+        std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
         //Join lower bound
         for (auto freeRange : freeRanges)
         {
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Allocator::Allocator(PGraphics graphics)
 
 Allocator::~Allocator()
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(lock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
     for (auto heap : heaps)
     {
         for (auto alloc : heap.allocations)
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ Allocator::~Allocator()
 
 PSubAllocation Allocator::allocate(const VkMemoryRequirements2 &memRequirements2, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo *dedicatedInfo)
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(lock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
     const VkMemoryRequirements &requirements = memRequirements2.memoryRequirements;
     uint8 memoryTypeIndex;
     VK_CHECK(findMemoryType(requirements.memoryTypeBits, properties, &memoryTypeIndex));
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ PSubAllocation Allocator::allocate(const VkMemoryRequirements2 &memRequirements2
 
 void Allocator::free(Allocation *allocation)
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(lock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(lock);
     for (auto heap : heaps)
     {
         for (uint32 i = 0; i < heap.allocations.size(); ++i)
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ void StagingManager::clearPending()
 
 PStagingBuffer StagingManager::allocateStagingBuffer(uint32 size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, bool bCPURead)
 {
-    std::unique_lock l(lock);
+    std::scoped_lock l(lock);
     for (auto it = freeBuffers.begin(); it != freeBuffers.end(); ++it)
     {
         auto freeBuffer = *it;
@@ -323,6 +323,9 @@ PStagingBuffer StagingManager::allocateStagingBuffer(uint32 size, VkBufferUsageF
     PStagingBuffer stagingBuffer = new StagingBuffer();
     VkBufferCreateInfo stagingBufferCreateInfo = init::BufferCreateInfo(usage, size);
     stagingBufferCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+    uint32 queueIndex = graphics->getFamilyMapping().getQueueTypeFamilyIndex(Gfx::QueueType::DEDICATED_TRANSFER);
+    stagingBufferCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 1;
+    stagingBufferCreateInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = &queueIndex;
     VkDevice vulkanDevice = graphics->getDevice();
 
     VK_CHECK(vkCreateBuffer(vulkanDevice, &stagingBufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &stagingBuffer->buffer));
@@ -355,7 +358,7 @@ PStagingBuffer StagingManager::allocateStagingBuffer(uint32 size, VkBufferUsageF
 
 void StagingManager::releaseStagingBuffer(PStagingBuffer buffer)
 {
-    std::unique_lock l(lock);
+    std::scoped_lock l(lock);
     freeBuffers.add(buffer);
     activeBuffers.remove(activeBuffers.find(buffer.getHandle()));
 }

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanBuffer.cpp

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ ShaderBuffer::ShaderBuffer(PGraphics graphics, uint32 size, VkBufferUsageFlags u
     info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
     uint32 queueFamilyIndex =  graphics->getFamilyMapping().getQueueTypeFamilyIndex(queueType);
     info.pQueueFamilyIndices = &queueFamilyIndex;
-	info.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
+    info.queueFamilyIndexCount = 1;
     VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2 bufferReqInfo;
     bufferReqInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2;
     bufferReqInfo.pNext = nullptr;

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanCommandBuffer.cpp

@@ -16,16 +16,13 @@ using namespace Seele::Vulkan;
 CmdBuffer::CmdBuffer(PGraphics graphics, VkCommandPool cmdPool, PCommandBufferManager manager)
     : graphics(graphics)
     , manager(manager)
-    , renderPass(nullptr)
-    , framebuffer(nullptr)
-    , subpassIndex(0)
     , owner(cmdPool)
 {
     VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo =
         init::CommandBufferAllocateInfo(cmdPool,
                                         VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
                                         1);
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
     VK_CHECK(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(graphics->getDevice(), &allocInfo, &handle))
 
     fence = new Fence(graphics);
@@ -34,10 +31,8 @@ CmdBuffer::CmdBuffer(PGraphics graphics, VkCommandPool cmdPool, PCommandBufferMa
 
 CmdBuffer::~CmdBuffer()
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
     vkFreeCommandBuffers(graphics->getDevice(), owner, 1, &handle);
-    renderPass = nullptr;
-    framebuffer = nullptr;
     waitSemaphores.clear();
 }
 
@@ -46,24 +41,22 @@ void CmdBuffer::begin()
     VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo =
         init::CommandBufferBeginInfo();
     beginInfo.pInheritanceInfo = nullptr;
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
     VK_CHECK(vkBeginCommandBuffer(handle, &beginInfo));
     state = State::InsideBegin;
 }
 
 void CmdBuffer::end()
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
     VK_CHECK(vkEndCommandBuffer(handle));
     state = State::Ended;
 }
 
-void CmdBuffer::beginRenderPass(PRenderPass newRenderPass, PFramebuffer newFramebuffer)
+void CmdBuffer::beginRenderPass(PRenderPass renderPass, PFramebuffer framebuffer)
 {
     assert(state == State::InsideBegin);
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
-    renderPass = newRenderPass;
-    framebuffer = newFramebuffer;
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
 
     VkRenderPassBeginInfo beginInfo =
         init::RenderPassBeginInfo();
@@ -74,15 +67,13 @@ void CmdBuffer::beginRenderPass(PRenderPass newRenderPass, PFramebuffer newFrame
     beginInfo.framebuffer = framebuffer->getHandle();
     vkCmdBeginRenderPass(handle, &beginInfo, renderPass->getSubpassContents());
     state = State::RenderPassActive;
-    //std::cout << "Beginning renderPass" << std::endl;
 }
 
 void CmdBuffer::endRenderPass()
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
     vkCmdEndRenderPass(handle);
     state = State::InsideBegin;
-    //std::cout << "Ending renderPass" << std::endl;
 }
 
 void CmdBuffer::executeCommands(const Array<Gfx::PRenderCommand>& commands)
@@ -90,9 +81,10 @@ void CmdBuffer::executeCommands(const Array<Gfx::PRenderCommand>& commands)
     assert(state == State::RenderPassActive);
     if(commands.size() == 0)
     {
+        std::cout << "No commands provided" << std::endl;
         return;
     }
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
     Array<VkCommandBuffer> cmdBuffers(commands.size());
     for (uint32 i = 0; i < commands.size(); ++i)
     {
@@ -111,7 +103,7 @@ void CmdBuffer::executeCommands(const Array<Gfx::PRenderCommand>& commands)
 
 void CmdBuffer::executeCommands(const Array<Gfx::PComputeCommand>& commands) 
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
     if(commands.size() == 0)
     {
         return;
@@ -134,14 +126,14 @@ void CmdBuffer::executeCommands(const Array<Gfx::PComputeCommand>& commands)
 
 void CmdBuffer::addWaitSemaphore(VkPipelineStageFlags flags, PSemaphore semaphore)
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
     waitSemaphores.add(semaphore);
     waitFlags.add(flags);
 }
 
 void CmdBuffer::refreshFence()
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
     if (state == State::Submitted)
     {
         if (fence->isSignaled())
@@ -174,7 +166,7 @@ void CmdBuffer::refreshFence()
 
 void CmdBuffer::waitForCommand(uint32 timeout)
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(handleLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(handleLock);
     fence->wait(timeout);
     refreshFence();
 }
@@ -212,7 +204,7 @@ RenderCommand::~RenderCommand()
     vkFreeCommandBuffers(graphics->getDevice(), owner, 1, &handle);
 }
 
-void RenderCommand::begin(PCmdBuffer parent)
+void RenderCommand::begin(PRenderPass renderPass, PFramebuffer framebuffer)
 {
     threadId = std::this_thread::get_id();
     ready = false;
@@ -220,9 +212,9 @@ void RenderCommand::begin(PCmdBuffer parent)
         init::CommandBufferBeginInfo();
     VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo inheritanceInfo =
         init::CommandBufferInheritanceInfo();
-    inheritanceInfo.framebuffer = parent->framebuffer->getHandle();
-    inheritanceInfo.renderPass = parent->renderPass->getHandle();
-    inheritanceInfo.subpass = parent->subpassIndex;
+    inheritanceInfo.framebuffer = framebuffer->getHandle();
+    inheritanceInfo.renderPass = renderPass->getHandle();
+    inheritanceInfo.subpass = 0;
     beginInfo.pInheritanceInfo = &inheritanceInfo;
     beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT;
     VK_CHECK(vkBeginCommandBuffer(handle, &beginInfo));
@@ -230,13 +222,11 @@ void RenderCommand::begin(PCmdBuffer parent)
 
 void RenderCommand::end() 
 {
-    assert(threadId == std::this_thread::get_id());
     VK_CHECK(vkEndCommandBuffer(handle));
 }
 
 void RenderCommand::reset() 
 {
-    assert(threadId == std::this_thread::get_id());
     vkResetCommandBuffer(handle, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT);
     boundDescriptors.clear();
     ready = true;
@@ -420,7 +410,7 @@ CommandBufferManager::CommandBufferManager(PGraphics graphics, PQueue queue)
 
     activeCmdBuffer = new CmdBuffer(graphics, commandPool, this);
     activeCmdBuffer->begin();
-    std::unique_lock lock(allocatedBufferLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(allocatedBufferLock);
     allocatedBuffers.add(activeCmdBuffer);
 }
 
@@ -436,29 +426,29 @@ PCmdBuffer CommandBufferManager::getCommands()
     return activeCmdBuffer;
 }
 
-PRenderCommand CommandBufferManager::createRenderCommand(const std::string& name)
+PRenderCommand CommandBufferManager::createRenderCommand(PRenderPass renderPass, PFramebuffer framebuffer, const std::string& name)
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(allocatedRenderLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(allocatedRenderLock);
     for (uint32 i = 0; i < allocatedRenderCommands.size(); ++i)
     {
         PRenderCommand cmdBuffer = allocatedRenderCommands[i];
         if (cmdBuffer->isReady())
         {
             cmdBuffer->name = name;
-            cmdBuffer->begin(activeCmdBuffer);
+            cmdBuffer->begin(renderPass, framebuffer);
             return cmdBuffer;
         }
     }
     PRenderCommand result = new RenderCommand(graphics, commandPool);
     result->name = name;
-    result->begin(activeCmdBuffer);
+    result->begin(renderPass, framebuffer);
     allocatedRenderCommands.add(result);
     return result;
 }
 
 PComputeCommand CommandBufferManager::createComputeCommand(const std::string& name)
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(allocatedComputeLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(allocatedComputeLock);
     for (uint32 i = 0; i < allocatedComputeCommands.size(); ++i)
     {
         PComputeCommand cmdBuffer = allocatedComputeCommands[i];
@@ -495,7 +485,7 @@ void CommandBufferManager::submitCommands(PSemaphore signalSemaphore)
             queue->submitCommandBuffer(activeCmdBuffer);
         }
     }
-    std::unique_lock lock(allocatedBufferLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(allocatedBufferLock);
     for (uint32 i = 0; i < allocatedBuffers.size(); ++i)
     {
         PCmdBuffer cmdBuffer = allocatedBuffers[i];

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanCommandBuffer.h

@@ -47,10 +47,7 @@ public:
 private:
 	PGraphics graphics;
 	PCommandBufferManager manager;
-	PRenderPass renderPass;
-	PFramebuffer framebuffer;
 	PFence fence;
-	uint32 subpassIndex;
 	State state;
 	VkViewport currentViewport;
 	VkRect2D currentScissor;
@@ -79,7 +76,7 @@ public:
 	{
 		return handle;
 	}
-	void begin(PCmdBuffer parent);
+	void begin(PRenderPass renderPass, PFramebuffer framebuffer);
 	void end();
 	void reset();
 	virtual bool isReady() override;
@@ -145,7 +142,7 @@ public:
 		return queue;
 	}
 	PCmdBuffer getCommands();
-	PRenderCommand createRenderCommand(const std::string& name);
+	PRenderCommand createRenderCommand(PRenderPass renderPass, PFramebuffer framebuffer, const std::string& name);
 	PComputeCommand createComputeCommand(const std::string& name);
 	VkCommandPool getPoolHandle() const
 	{

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSets.cpp

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ PipelineLayout::~PipelineLayout()
 {
     if (layoutHandle != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
     {
-        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(graphics->getDevice(), layoutHandle, nullptr);
+        //vkDestroyPipelineLayout(graphics->getDevice(), layoutHandle, nullptr);
     }
 }
 

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanDescriptorSets.h

@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ DEFINE_REF(DescriptorLayout)
 class PipelineLayout : public Gfx::PipelineLayout
 {
 public:
-    PipelineLayout(PGraphics graphics)
-        : graphics(graphics)
+    PipelineLayout(PGraphics graphics, Gfx::PPipelineLayout baseLayout)
+        : Gfx::PipelineLayout(baseLayout)
+        , graphics(graphics)
         , layoutHash(0)
         , layoutHandle(VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-    {
-    }
+    {}
     virtual ~PipelineLayout();
     virtual void create();
     virtual void reset();

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanGraphics.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
 
 using namespace Seele::Vulkan;
 
+thread_local PCommandBufferManager Seele::Vulkan::Graphics::graphicsCommands = nullptr;
+thread_local PCommandBufferManager Seele::Vulkan::Graphics::computeCommands = nullptr;
+thread_local PCommandBufferManager Seele::Vulkan::Graphics::transferCommands = nullptr;
+thread_local PCommandBufferManager Seele::Vulkan::Graphics::dedicatedTransferCommands = nullptr;
+
 Graphics::Graphics()
     : instance(VK_NULL_HANDLE)
     , handle(VK_NULL_HANDLE)
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ Gfx::PWindow Graphics::createWindow(const WindowCreateInfo &createInfo)
 Gfx::PViewport Graphics::createViewport(Gfx::PWindow owner, const ViewportCreateInfo &viewportInfo)
 {
     PViewport result = new Viewport(this, owner, viewportInfo);
-    std::unique_lock lock(viewportLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(viewportLock);
     viewports.add(result);
     return result;
 }
@@ -67,7 +72,7 @@ void Graphics::beginRenderPass(Gfx::PRenderPass renderPass)
     uint32 framebufferHash = rp->getFramebufferHash();
     PFramebuffer framebuffer;
     {
-        std::unique_lock lock(allocatedFrameBufferLock);
+        std::scoped_lock lock(allocatedFrameBufferLock);
         auto found = allocatedFramebuffers.find(framebufferHash);
         if (found == allocatedFramebuffers.end())
         {
@@ -80,12 +85,18 @@ void Graphics::beginRenderPass(Gfx::PRenderPass renderPass)
         }
     }
     getGraphicsCommands()->getCommands()->beginRenderPass(rp, framebuffer);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(renderPassLock);
+    activeRenderPass = rp;
+    activeFramebuffer = framebuffer;
 }
 
 void Graphics::endRenderPass()
 {
     getGraphicsCommands()->getCommands()->endRenderPass();
     getGraphicsCommands()->submitCommands();
+    std::scoped_lock lock(renderPassLock);
+    activeRenderPass = nullptr;
+    activeFramebuffer = nullptr;
 }
 
 void Graphics::executeCommands(const Array<Gfx::PRenderCommand>& commands)
@@ -128,7 +139,7 @@ Gfx::PIndexBuffer Graphics::createIndexBuffer(const IndexBufferCreateInfo &bulkD
 }
 Gfx::PRenderCommand Graphics::createRenderCommand(const std::string& name)
 {
-    PRenderCommand cmdBuffer = getGraphicsCommands()->createRenderCommand(name);
+    PRenderCommand cmdBuffer = getGraphicsCommands()->createRenderCommand(activeRenderPass, activeFramebuffer, name);
     return cmdBuffer;
 }
 
@@ -206,9 +217,9 @@ Gfx::PDescriptorLayout Graphics::createDescriptorLayout(const std::string& name)
     PDescriptorLayout layout = new DescriptorLayout(this, name);
     return layout;
 }
-Gfx::PPipelineLayout Graphics::createPipelineLayout()
+Gfx::PPipelineLayout Graphics::createPipelineLayout(Gfx::PPipelineLayout baseLayout)
 {
-    PPipelineLayout layout = new PipelineLayout(this);
+    PPipelineLayout layout = new PipelineLayout(this, baseLayout);
     return layout;
 }
 
@@ -295,49 +306,37 @@ PCommandBufferManager Graphics::getQueueCommands(Gfx::QueueType queueType)
         throw new std::logic_error("invalid queue type");
     }
 }
-std::mutex graphicsCommandLock;
 PCommandBufferManager Graphics::getGraphicsCommands()
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(graphicsCommandLock);
-    auto id = std::this_thread::get_id();
-    if(graphicsCommands.find(id) == graphicsCommands.end())
+    if(graphicsCommands == nullptr)
     {
-        graphicsCommands[id] = new CommandBufferManager(this, graphicsQueue);
+        graphicsCommands = new CommandBufferManager(this, graphicsQueue);
     }
-    return graphicsCommands[id];
+    return graphicsCommands;
 }
-std::mutex computeCommandLock;
 PCommandBufferManager Graphics::getComputeCommands()
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(computeCommandLock);
-    auto id = std::this_thread::get_id();
-    if(computeCommands.find(id) == computeCommands.end())
+    if(computeCommands == nullptr)
     {
-        computeCommands[id] = new CommandBufferManager(this, computeQueue);
+        computeCommands = new CommandBufferManager(this, computeQueue);
     }
-    return computeCommands[id];
+    return computeCommands;
 }
-std::mutex transferCommandLock;
 PCommandBufferManager Graphics::getTransferCommands()
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(transferCommandLock);
-    auto id = std::this_thread::get_id();
-    if(transferCommands.find(id) == transferCommands.end())
+    if(transferCommands == nullptr)
     {
-        transferCommands[id] = new CommandBufferManager(this, transferQueue);
+        transferCommands = new CommandBufferManager(this, transferQueue);
     }
-    return transferCommands[id];
+    return transferCommands;
 }
-std::mutex dedicatedCommandLock;
 PCommandBufferManager Graphics::getDedicatedTransferCommands()
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(dedicatedCommandLock);
-    auto id = std::this_thread::get_id();
-    if(dedicatedTransferCommands.find(id) == dedicatedTransferCommands.end())
+    if(dedicatedTransferCommands == dedicatedTransferCommands)
     {
-        dedicatedTransferCommands[id] = new CommandBufferManager(this, dedicatedTransferQueue);
+        dedicatedTransferCommands = new CommandBufferManager(this, dedicatedTransferQueue);
     }
-    return dedicatedTransferCommands[id];
+    return dedicatedTransferCommands;
 }
 PAllocator Graphics::getAllocator()
 {

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanGraphics.h

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ DECLARE_REF(Allocator)
 DECLARE_REF(StagingManager)
 DECLARE_REF(CommandBufferManager)
 DECLARE_REF(Queue)
+DECLARE_REF(RenderPass)
 DECLARE_REF(Framebuffer)
 DECLARE_REF(RenderCommand)
 DECLARE_REF(PipelineCache)
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ public:
     virtual Gfx::PSamplerState createSamplerState(const SamplerCreateInfo& createInfo) override;
 
     virtual Gfx::PDescriptorLayout createDescriptorLayout(const std::string& name = "") override;
-    virtual Gfx::PPipelineLayout createPipelineLayout() override;
+    virtual Gfx::PPipelineLayout createPipelineLayout(Gfx::PPipelineLayout baseLayout = nullptr) override;
 
     virtual void copyTexture(Gfx::PTexture srcTexture, Gfx::PTexture dstTexture) override;
 protected:
@@ -82,10 +83,13 @@ protected:
     PQueue transferQueue;
     PQueue dedicatedTransferQueue;
     PPipelineCache pipelineCache;
-    Map<std::thread::id, PCommandBufferManager> graphicsCommands;
-    Map<std::thread::id, PCommandBufferManager> computeCommands;
-    Map<std::thread::id, PCommandBufferManager> transferCommands;
-    Map<std::thread::id, PCommandBufferManager> dedicatedTransferCommands;
+    std::mutex renderPassLock;
+    PRenderPass activeRenderPass;
+    PFramebuffer activeFramebuffer;
+    thread_local static PCommandBufferManager graphicsCommands;
+    thread_local static PCommandBufferManager computeCommands;
+    thread_local static PCommandBufferManager transferCommands;
+    thread_local static PCommandBufferManager dedicatedTransferCommands;
     VkPhysicalDeviceProperties props;
     VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features;
     VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback;

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanInitializer.cpp

@@ -296,6 +296,8 @@ VkBufferMemoryBarrier init::BufferMemoryBarrier()
 	VkBufferMemoryBarrier bufferMemoryBarrier = {};
 	bufferMemoryBarrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER;
 	bufferMemoryBarrier.pNext = NULL;
+	bufferMemoryBarrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
+	bufferMemoryBarrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
 	return bufferMemoryBarrier;
 }
 

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanPipelineCache.cpp

@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ PGraphicsPipeline PipelineCache::createPipeline(const GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo
     uint32 hash = crc.checksum();
     VkPipeline pipelineHandle;
 
-    std::unique_lock lock(createdPipelinesLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(createdPipelinesLock);
     auto foundPipeline = createdPipelines.find(hash);
     if (foundPipeline != createdPipelines.end())
     {

src/Engine/Graphics/Vulkan/VulkanQueue.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Queue::~Queue()
 
 void Queue::submitCommandBuffer(PCmdBuffer cmdBuffer, uint32 numSignalSemaphores, VkSemaphore *signalSemaphores)
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(queueLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(queueLock);
     assert(cmdBuffer->state == CmdBuffer::State::Ended);
 
     PFence fence = cmdBuffer->fence;

src/Engine/Material/MaterialAsset.cpp

@@ -185,6 +185,6 @@ const Gfx::ShaderCollection* MaterialAsset::getShaders(Gfx::RenderPassType rende
 
 Gfx::ShaderCollection& MaterialAsset::createShaders(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, Gfx::RenderPassType renderPass, VertexInputType* vertexInput) 
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(shaderMapLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(shaderMapLock);
     return shaderMap.createShaders(graphics, renderPass, this, vertexInput, false);
 }

src/Engine/MinimalEngine.h

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public:
     ~RefObject()
     {
         {
-            std::unique_lock lock(registeredObjectsLock);
+            std::scoped_lock lock(registeredObjectsLock);
             registeredObjects.erase(handle);
         }
 //    #pragma warning( disable: 4150)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public:
     }
     RefPtr(T *ptr, Deleter deleter = Deleter())
     {
-        std::unique_lock l(registeredObjectsLock);
+        std::scoped_lock l(registeredObjectsLock);
         auto registeredObj = registeredObjects.find(ptr);
         // get here for thread safetly
         auto registeredEnd = registeredObjects.end();
@@ -249,6 +249,10 @@ public:
     {
         return object->getHandle();
     }
+    RefPtr<T, Deleter> clone()
+    {
+        return RefPtr<T, Deleter>(new T(*getHandle()));
+    }
 
 private:
     RefObject<T, Deleter> *object;

src/Engine/Scene/Actor/Actor.cpp

@@ -12,8 +12,36 @@ Actor::~Actor()
 {
 
 }
-void Actor::tick(float)
+
+void Actor::launchStart() 
 {
+    rootComponent->launchStart();
+    for(auto child : children)
+    {
+        child->launchStart();
+    }
+    start();
+}
+Array<Job> Actor::launchTick(float deltaTime) const
+{
+    Array<Job> result = rootComponent->launchTick(deltaTime);
+    for(auto child : children)
+    {
+        result.addAll(child->launchTick(deltaTime));
+    }
+    result.add(tick(deltaTime));
+    return result;
+}
+
+Array<Job> Actor::launchUpdate() 
+{
+    Array<Job> result = rootComponent->launchUpdate();
+    for(auto child : children)
+    {
+        result.addAll(child->launchUpdate());
+    }
+    result.add(update());
+    return result;
 }
 void Actor::notifySceneAttach(PScene scene)
 {

src/Engine/Scene/Actor/Actor.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "MinimalEngine.h"
 #include "Math/Transform.h"
+#include "ThreadPool.h"
 
 namespace Seele
 {
@@ -12,8 +13,12 @@ class Actor
 public:
     Actor();
     virtual ~Actor();
-
-    void tick(float deltaTime);
+    virtual void launchStart();
+    virtual void start() {}
+    Array<Job> launchTick(float deltaTime) const;
+    virtual Job tick(float deltaTime) const { co_return; }
+    Array<Job> launchUpdate();
+    virtual Job update() { co_return; }
     void notifySceneAttach(PScene scene);
     PScene getScene();
 

src/Engine/Scene/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 target_sources(SeeleEngine
 	PRIVATE
+        Util.h
         Scene.cpp
         Scene.h)
 

src/Engine/Scene/Components/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ target_sources(SeeleEngine
         CameraComponent.cpp
         Component.h
         Component.cpp
+        MyComponent.h
+        MyComponent.cpp
+        MyOtherComponent.h
+        MyOtherComponent.cpp
         PrimitiveComponent.cpp
         PrimitiveComponent.h
         PrimitiveUniformBufferLayout.h)

src/Engine/Scene/Components/CameraComponent.cpp

@@ -6,10 +6,15 @@
 using namespace Seele;
 
 CameraComponent::CameraComponent()
-    : bNeedsViewBuild(true)
+	: aspectRatio(0)
+	, fieldOfView(0)
+    , bNeedsViewBuild(true)
     , bNeedsProjectionBuild(true)
     , originPoint(0, 0, 0)
     , cameraPosition(0, 0, 50)
+	, eye(Vector())
+	, projectionMatrix(Matrix4())
+	, viewMatrix(Matrix4())
 {
     distance = 50;
     rotationX = 0;

src/Engine/Scene/Components/Component.cpp

@@ -13,9 +13,38 @@ Component::Component()
 Component::~Component()
 {
 }
-void Component::tick(float)
+
+void Component::launchStart()
 {
+    for(auto child : children)
+    {
+        child->launchStart();
+    }
+    start();
 }
+
+Array<Job> Component::launchTick(float deltaTime) const
+{
+    Array<Job> result;
+    for(auto child : children)
+    {
+        result.addAll(child->launchTick(deltaTime));
+    }
+    result.add(tick(deltaTime));
+    return result;
+}
+
+Array<Job> Component::launchUpdate()
+{
+    Array<Job> result;
+    for(auto child : children)
+    {
+        result.addAll(child->launchUpdate());
+    }
+    result.add(update());
+    return result;
+}
+
 PComponent Component::getParent()
 {
     return parent;
@@ -32,6 +61,25 @@ PActor Component::getOwner()
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
+const Array<PComponent>& Component::getChildComponents()
+{
+    return children;
+}
+
+void Component::setParent(PComponent newParent)
+{
+    parent = newParent;
+}
+
+void Component::setOwner(PActor newOwner) 
+{
+    owner = newOwner;
+}
+
+void Component::addChildComponent(PComponent component)
+{
+    children.add(component);
+}
 
 void Component::notifySceneAttach(PScene scene)
 {
@@ -118,16 +166,6 @@ Transform Component::getTransform() const
     return transform;
 }
 
-void Component::setParent(PComponent newParent)
-{
-    parent = newParent;
-}
-
-void Component::setOwner(PActor newOwner) 
-{
-    owner = newOwner;
-}
-
 void Component::internalSetTransform(Vector newLocation, Quaternion newRotation)
 {
     if (parent != nullptr)

src/Engine/Scene/Components/Component.h

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "MinimalEngine.h"
 #include "Math/Transform.h"
+#include "Scene/Util.h"
+#include "ThreadPool.h"
 
 namespace Seele
 {
@@ -12,11 +14,18 @@ class Component
 public:
     Component();
     virtual ~Component();
-    void tick(float deltaTime);
+    void launchStart();
+    virtual void start() {};
+    Array<Job> launchTick(float deltaTime) const;
+    virtual Job tick(float deltaTime) const { co_return; }
+    Array<Job> launchUpdate();
+    virtual Job update() { co_return; }
     PComponent getParent();
     PActor getOwner();
+    const Array<PComponent>& getChildComponents();
     void setParent(PComponent parent);
     void setOwner(PActor owner);
+    void addChildComponent(PComponent component);
     virtual void notifySceneAttach(PScene scene);
 
     void setWorldLocation(Vector location);
@@ -35,7 +44,30 @@ public:
 
     Transform getTransform() const;
 
+    template<typename ComponentType>
+    RefPtr<ComponentType> getComponent()
+    {
+        return tryFindComponent<ComponentType>();
+    }
 private:
+    template<typename ComponentType>
+    RefPtr<ComponentType> tryFindComponent()
+    {
+        for(auto child : children)
+        {
+            RefPtr<ComponentType> result = child.cast<ComponentType>();
+            if(result != nullptr)
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+            result = parent->tryFindComponent<ComponentType>();
+            if(result != nullptr)
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
     void internalSetTransform(Vector newLocation, Quaternion newRotation);
     void propagateTransformUpdate();
     void updateComponentTransform(Quaternion relativeRotationQuat);

src/Engine/Scene/Components/MyComponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "MyComponent.h"
+
+using namespace Seele;
+
+MyComponent::MyComponent() 
+{
+}
+
+void MyComponent::start() 
+{
+    otherComp = getComponent<MyOtherComponent>();
+    otherComp.update();
+}
+
+Job MyComponent::tick(float deltatime) const
+{
+    writable++;
+    otherComp->data = *writable;
+    co_return;
+}
+
+Job MyComponent::update() 
+{
+    writable.update();
+    co_return;
+}

src/Engine/Scene/Components/MyComponent.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "Component.h"
+#include "MyOtherComponent.h"
+
+namespace Seele
+{
+class MyComponent : public Component
+{
+public:
+    MyComponent();
+    virtual void start();
+    virtual Job tick(float deltatime) const;
+    virtual Job update();
+private:
+    Writable<PMyOtherComponent> otherComp;
+    Writable<uint32> writable = Writable<uint32>(0);
+    uint32 notWritable = 10;
+};
+DECLARE_REF(MyComponent);
+} // namespace Seele

src/Engine/Scene/Components/MyOtherComponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include "MyOtherComponent.h"
+
+using namespace Seele;
+
+Job MyOtherComponent::tick(float deltaTime) const
+{
+    std::cout << *data << std::endl;
+    co_return;
+}
+
+Job MyOtherComponent::update() 
+{
+    data.update();
+    co_return;
+}

src/Engine/Scene/Components/MyOtherComponent.h

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "Component.h"
+
+namespace Seele
+{
+class MyOtherComponent : public Component
+{
+public:
+    virtual Job tick(float deltaTime) const;
+    virtual Job update();
+    Writable<uint32> data = Writable<uint32>(0);
+private:
+};
+DEFINE_REF(MyOtherComponent);
+} // namespace Seele

src/Engine/Scene/Components/PrimitiveComponent.cpp

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ PrimitiveComponent::PrimitiveComponent(PMeshAsset asset)
         batch.useReverseCulling = false;
         batch.useWireframe = false;
         batch.vertexInput = assetMeshes[i]->vertexInput;
-        auto& batchElement = batch.elements.add();
+        MeshBatchElement batchElement;
         batchElement.baseVertexIndex = 0;
         batchElement.firstIndex = 0;
         batchElement.indexBuffer = assetMeshes[i]->indexBuffer;
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ PrimitiveComponent::PrimitiveComponent(PMeshAsset asset)
         batchElement.isInstanced = false;
         batchElement.numInstances = 1;
         batchElement.numPrimitives = assetMeshes[i]->indexBuffer->getNumIndices() / 3; //TODO: hardcoded
+        batch.elements.push_back(batchElement);
     }
 }
 

src/Engine/Scene/Components/PrimitiveComponent.h

@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ public:
     ~PrimitiveComponent();
     virtual void notifySceneAttach(PScene scene) override;
     Matrix4 getRenderMatrix();
-    const Array<StaticMeshBatch>& getStaticMeshes()
+    std::vector<StaticMeshBatch>& getStaticMeshes()
     {
         return staticMeshes;
     }
 private:
-    Array<PMaterialAsset> materials;
+    std::vector<PMaterialAsset> materials;
     Gfx::PUniformBuffer uniformBuffer;
-    Array<StaticMeshBatch> staticMeshes;
+    std::vector<StaticMeshBatch> staticMeshes;
     friend class Scene;
 };
 DEFINE_REF(PrimitiveComponent)

src/Engine/Scene/Scene.cpp

@@ -33,19 +33,39 @@ Scene::~Scene()
 {
 }
 
-void Scene::tick(double)
+void Scene::start() 
 {
+    for(auto actor : rootActors)
+    {
+        actor->launchStart();
+    }
+}
+
+Job Scene::beginUpdate(double deltaTime)
+{
+    for(auto actor : rootActors)
+    {
+        co_await Job::all(actor->launchTick(static_cast<float>(deltaTime)));
+    }
+}
+
+Job Scene::commitUpdate() 
+{
+    for(auto actor : rootActors)
+    {
+        co_await Job::all(actor->launchUpdate());
+    }
 }
 
 void Scene::addActor(PActor actor)
 {
-    rootActors.add(actor);
+    rootActors.push_back(actor);
     actor->notifySceneAttach(this);
 }
 
 void Scene::addPrimitiveComponent(PPrimitiveComponent comp)
 {
-    primitives.add(comp);
+    primitives.push_back(comp);
     for(auto& batch : comp->getStaticMeshes())
     {
         PrimitiveUniformBuffer data;
@@ -62,6 +82,6 @@ void Scene::addPrimitiveComponent(PPrimitiveComponent comp)
         {
             element.uniformBuffer = uniformBuffer;
         }
-        staticMeshes.add(batch);
+        staticMeshes.push_back(batch);
     }
 }

src/Engine/Scene/Scene.h

@@ -38,17 +38,19 @@ class Scene
 public:
     Scene(Gfx::PGraphics graphics);
     ~Scene();
-    void tick(double deltaTime);
+    void start();
+    Job beginUpdate(double deltaTime);
+    Job commitUpdate();
     void addActor(PActor actor);
     void addPrimitiveComponent(PPrimitiveComponent comp);
 
-    const Array<PPrimitiveComponent>& getPrimitives() const { return primitives; }
-    const Array<StaticMeshBatch>& getStaticMeshes() const { return staticMeshes; }
+    const std::vector<PPrimitiveComponent>& getPrimitives() const { return primitives; }
+    const std::vector<StaticMeshBatch>& getStaticMeshes() const { return staticMeshes; }
     const LightEnv& getLightBuffer() const { return lightEnv; }
 private:
-    Array<StaticMeshBatch> staticMeshes;
-    Array<PActor> rootActors;
-    Array<PPrimitiveComponent> primitives;
+    std::vector<StaticMeshBatch> staticMeshes;
+    std::vector<PActor> rootActors;
+    std::vector<PPrimitiveComponent> primitives;
     LightEnv lightEnv;
     Gfx::PGraphics graphics;
 };

src/Engine/Scene/SceneUpdater.cpp

@@ -26,25 +26,25 @@ SceneUpdater::~SceneUpdater()
 
 void SceneUpdater::registerComponentUpdate(PComponent component) 
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(pendingUpdatesLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(pendingUpdatesLock);
     updatesRan.add([component](float delta) mutable { component->tick(delta); });
 }
 
 void SceneUpdater::registerActorUpdate(PActor actor) 
 {
-    std::unique_lock lck(pendingUpdatesLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(pendingUpdatesLock);
     updatesRan.add([actor](float delta) mutable { actor->tick(delta); });
 }
 
 void SceneUpdater::runUpdates(float delta) 
 {
     
-    std::unique_lock pendingLock(pendingUpdatesLock);
+    std::scoped_lock pendingLock(pendingUpdatesLock);
     frameDelta = delta;
     pendingUpdates = std::move(updatesRan);
     updatesRan = List<std::function<void(float)>>();
     
-    std::unique_lock lck(frameFinishedLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lck(frameFinishedLock);
     pendingLock.unlock();
     pendingUpdatesSem.release(pendingUpdates.size());
     frameFinishedCV.wait(lck);
@@ -57,18 +57,18 @@ void SceneUpdater::work()
         pendingUpdatesSem.acquire();
         std::function<void(float)> function;
         {
-            std::unique_lock lck(pendingUpdatesLock);
+            std::scoped_lock lck(pendingUpdatesLock);
             function = std::move(pendingUpdates.front());
             pendingUpdates.popFront();
             if(pendingUpdates.empty())
             {
-                std::unique_lock lck(frameFinishedLock);
+                std::scoped_lock lck(frameFinishedLock);
                 frameFinishedCV.notify_all();
             }
         }
         function(frameDelta);
         {
-            std::unique_lock lck(pendingUpdatesLock);
+            std::scoped_lock lck(pendingUpdatesLock);
             updatesRan.add(std::move(function));
         }
     }

src/Engine/Scene/Util.h

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "MinimalEngine.h"
+
+namespace Seele
+{
+template<typename T>
+class Writable
+{
+public:
+    Writable()
+    {}
+    explicit Writable(T initialData)
+        : data(initialData)
+        , toBeWritten(initialData)
+    {}
+    Writable(const Writable& other) = delete;
+    Writable(Writable&& other) = default;
+    ~Writable() = default;
+    Writable& operator=(const Writable& other) = delete;
+    Writable& operator=(Writable&& other) = default;
+    const Writable& operator=(const T& other) const
+    {
+        deferWrite(other);
+        return *this;
+    }
+    const Writable& operator=(T&& other) const
+    {
+        deferWrite(std::move(other));
+        return *this;
+    }
+    template<typename Other>
+    const Writable& operator+(Other&& other) const
+    {
+        deferWrite(data + std::forward<Other>(other));
+        return *this;
+    }
+    template<typename Other>
+    const Writable& operator-(Other&& other) const
+    {
+        deferWrite(data - std::forward<Other>(other));
+        return *this;
+    }
+    template<typename Other>
+    const Writable& operator*(Other&& other) const
+    {
+        deferWrite(data * std::forward<Other>(other));
+        return *this;
+    }
+    template<typename Other>
+    const Writable& operator/(Other&& other) const
+    {
+        deferWrite(data / std::forward<Other>(other));
+        return *this;
+    }
+    template<typename Other>
+    const Writable& operator%(Other&& other) const
+    {
+        deferWrite(data % std::forward<Other>(other));
+        return *this;
+    }
+    template<typename Other>
+    const Writable& operator^(Other&& other) const
+    {
+        deferWrite(data ^ std::forward<Other>(other));
+        return *this;
+    }
+    template<typename Other>
+    const Writable& operator&(Other&& other) const
+    {
+        deferWrite(data & std::forward<Other>(other));
+        return *this;
+    }
+    template<typename Other>
+    const Writable& operator|(Other&& other) const
+    {
+        deferWrite(data | std::forward<Other>(other));
+        return *this;
+    }
+    template<typename Type>
+    bool operator==(Type other) const
+    {
+        return data == other.data;
+    }
+    template<typename Type>
+    bool operator<=>(Type other) const
+    {
+        return data <=> other.data;
+    }
+    const Writable& operator++() const
+    {
+        deferWrite(data+1);
+        return *this;
+    }
+    const Writable& operator--() const
+    {
+        deferWrite(data-1);
+        return *this;
+    }
+    Writable&& operator++(int) const
+    {
+        Writable tmp(data);
+        ++*this;
+        return std::move(tmp);
+    }
+    Writable&& operator--(int) const
+    {
+        Writable tmp(data);
+        --*this;
+        return std::move(tmp);
+    }
+    const T& operator*() const
+    {
+        return data;
+    }
+    const T& get() const
+    {
+        return data;
+    }
+    const T& operator->() const
+    {
+        return data;
+    }
+    void update()
+    {
+        // lock should not be necessary, but lets keep it for now
+        std::scoped_lock lock(dataLock);
+        data = toBeWritten;
+        dirty = false;
+    }
+private:
+    template<typename Type>
+    void deferWrite(Type&& newValue) const
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(dataLock);
+        assert(!dirty);
+        toBeWritten = std::forward<Type>(newValue);
+        dirty = true;
+    }
+    mutable bool dirty = false;
+    mutable std::mutex dataLock;
+    mutable T toBeWritten;
+    T data;
+};
+template<typename A>
+concept writable = requires(A&& a)
+{
+    a.update();
+};
+} // namespace Seele

src/Engine/ThreadPool.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ using namespace Seele;
 std::atomic_uint64_t Seele::globalCounter;
 
 Event::Event()
-    : flag(new std::atomic_bool())
+    : flag(std::make_shared<std::atomic_bool>())
 {
 }
 
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ Event::Event(nullptr_t)
 }
 
 Event::Event(const std::string &name)
-    : name(name), flag(new std::atomic_bool())
+    : name(name)
+    , flag(std::make_shared<std::atomic_bool>())
 {
 }
 
@@ -48,75 +49,80 @@ ThreadPool::ThreadPool(uint32 threadCount)
 ThreadPool::~ThreadPool()
 {
     running.store(false);
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(jobQueueLock);
+        jobQueueCV.notify_all();
+    }
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mainJobLock);
+        mainJobCV.notify_all();
+    }
     for (auto &thread : workers)
     {
         thread.join();
     }
+    workers.clear();
+    waitingJobs.clear();
+    waitingMainJobs.clear();
 }
 void ThreadPool::enqueueWaiting(Event &event, Promise* job)
 {
     assert(!job->done());
-    if(event == nullptr)
-    {
-        std::unique_lock lock(jobQueueLock);
-        //std::cout << "Queueing job " << job->finishedEvent.name << std::endl;
-        jobQueue.add(job);
-        jobQueueCV.notify_one();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        std::unique_lock lock(waitingLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(waitingLock);
     //std::cout << "Job " << job->finishedEvent.name << " waiting on event " << event.name << std::endl;
-        waitingJobs[event].add(job);
-    }
+    waitingJobs[event].push_back(job);
 }
 void ThreadPool::enqueueWaiting(Event &event, MainPromise* job)
 {
     assert(!job->done());
-    if(event == nullptr || event)
-    {
-        std::unique_lock lock(mainJobLock);
-        //std::cout << "Queueing job " << job->finishedEvent.name << std::endl;
-        mainJobs.add(job);
-        mainJobCV.notify_one();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        std::unique_lock lock(waitingMainLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(waitingMainLock);
     //std::cout << job->finishedEvent.name << " waiting on event " << event.name << std::endl;
-        waitingMainJobs[event].add(job);
-    }
+    waitingMainJobs[event].push_back(job);
+}
+void ThreadPool::scheduleJob(Promise* job)
+{
+    assert(!job->done());
+    std::scoped_lock lock(jobQueueLock);
+    //std::cout << "Queueing job " << job->finishedEvent.name << std::endl;
+    jobQueue.push_back(job);
+    jobQueueCV.notify_one();
+}
+void ThreadPool::scheduleJob(MainPromise* job)
+{
+    assert(!job->done());
+    std::scoped_lock lock(mainJobLock);
+    //std::cout << "Queueing job " << job->finishedEvent.name << std::endl;
+    mainJobs.push_back(job);
+    mainJobCV.notify_one();
 }
 void ThreadPool::notify(Event &event)
 {
     //std::cout << "Event " << event.name << " raised" << std::endl;
     {
-        std::unique_lock lock(jobQueueLock);
-        std::unique_lock lock2(waitingLock);
-        List<Promise*> &jobs = waitingJobs[event];
+        std::scoped_lock lock(jobQueueLock, waitingLock);
+        std::list<Promise*> jobs = std::move(waitingJobs[event]);
+        waitingJobs.erase(event);
         for (auto &job : jobs)
         {
             //assert(job.id != -1ull);
             //std::cout << "Waking up " << job->finishedEvent.name << std::endl;
             job->state = Promise::State::SCHEDULED;
-            jobQueue.add(job);
+            jobQueue.push_back(job);
             jobQueueCV.notify_one();
         }
-        waitingJobs.erase(event);
     }
     {
-        std::unique_lock lock(mainJobLock);
-        std::unique_lock lock2(waitingMainLock);
-        List<MainPromise*> &jobs = waitingMainJobs[event];
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mainJobLock, waitingMainLock);
+        std::list<MainPromise*> jobs = std::move(waitingMainJobs[event]);
+        waitingMainJobs.erase(event);
         for (auto &job : jobs)
         {
             //assert(job.id != -1ull);
             //std::cout << "Waking up main " << job->finishedEvent.name << std::endl;
             job->state = MainPromise::State::SCHEDULED;
-            mainJobs.add(job);
+            mainJobs.push_back(job);
             mainJobCV.notify_one();
         }
-        waitingMainJobs.erase(event);
     }
 }
 void ThreadPool::threadLoop(const bool mainThread)
@@ -134,7 +140,8 @@ void ThreadPool::threadLoop(const bool mainThread)
                 }
                 if (!mainJobs.empty())
                 {
-                    job = mainJobs.retrieve();
+                    job = mainJobs.front();
+                    mainJobs.pop_front();
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -144,7 +151,7 @@ void ThreadPool::threadLoop(const bool mainThread)
             job->resume();
             if (job->done())
             {
-                job->raise();
+                job->finalize();
             }
         }
         else
@@ -158,7 +165,8 @@ void ThreadPool::threadLoop(const bool mainThread)
                 }
                 if (!jobQueue.empty())
                 {
-                    job = jobQueue.retrieve();
+                    job = jobQueue.front();
+                    jobQueue.pop_front();
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -167,9 +175,9 @@ void ThreadPool::threadLoop(const bool mainThread)
             }
             //std::cout << "Starting job " << job.id << std::endl;
             job->resume();
-            if (job->done())
+            if(job->done())
             {
-                job->raise();
+                job->finalize();
             }
         }
     }

src/Engine/ThreadPool.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ public:
     Event();
     Event(nullptr_t);
     Event(const std::string& name);
+    ~Event() = default;
     auto operator<=>(const Event& other) const
     {
         return flag <=> other.flag;
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ public:
     constexpr void await_resume() {}
 private:
     std::string name;
-    RefPtr<std::atomic_bool> flag;
+    std::shared_ptr<std::atomic_bool> flag;
     friend class ThreadPool;
 };
 
@@ -65,6 +66,13 @@ struct JobPromiseBase
         id = globalCounter++;
         finishedEvent = Event(std::format("Job {}", id));
     }
+    ~JobPromiseBase() 
+    {
+        if (handle)
+        {
+            handle.destroy();
+        }
+    }
     JobBase<MainJob> get_return_object() noexcept;
 
     inline auto initial_suspend() noexcept;
@@ -78,7 +86,6 @@ struct JobPromiseBase
 
     void resume()
     {
-        std::unique_lock lock(promiseLock);
         if(!handle || handle.done() || executing())
         {
             return;
@@ -88,10 +95,9 @@ struct JobPromiseBase
     }
     void setContinuation(JobPromiseBase* cont)
     {
-        std::unique_lock lock(promiseLock);
-        std::unique_lock lock2(cont->promiseLock);
+        std::scoped_lock lock(promiseLock, cont->promiseLock);
         continuation = cont->handle;
-        cont->precondition = finishedEvent;
+        cont->state = State::SCHEDULED;
     }
     bool done()
     {
@@ -113,15 +119,15 @@ struct JobPromiseBase
     {
         return state == State::READY;
     }
-    void raise()
+    void finalize()
     {
-        std::unique_lock lock(promiseLock);
+        std::scoped_lock lock(promiseLock);
         state = State::DONE;
         finishedEvent.raise();
     }
     void reset()
     {
-        std::unique_lock lock(promiseLock);
+        std::scoped_lock lock(promiseLock);
         finishedEvent.reset();
     }
     void enqueue(Event& event)
@@ -136,13 +142,12 @@ struct JobPromiseBase
     }
     void schedule()
     {
-        std::unique_lock lock(promiseLock);
+        std::scoped_lock lock(promiseLock);
         if(!handle || done() || !ready())
         {
             return;
         }
-        state = (precondition == nullptr) ? State::SCHEDULED : State::WAITING;
-        getGlobalThreadPool().enqueueWaiting(precondition, this);
+        getGlobalThreadPool().scheduleJob(this);
     }
 
     std::mutex promiseLock;
@@ -150,7 +155,6 @@ struct JobPromiseBase
     std::coroutine_handle<> continuation = std::noop_coroutine();
     uint64 id;
     Event finishedEvent;
-    Event precondition = nullptr;
     State state = State::READY;
 };
 
@@ -193,13 +197,9 @@ public:
     {
         return promise->done();
     }
-    void raise()
+    void finalize()
     {
-        promise->raise();
-    }
-    void reset()
-    {
-        promise->reset();
+        promise->finalize();
     }
     Event operator co_await()
     {
@@ -245,30 +245,32 @@ using Promise = JobPromiseBase<false>;
 class ThreadPool
 {
 public:
-    ThreadPool(uint32 threadCount = std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
+    ThreadPool(uint32 threadCount = 1);
     virtual ~ThreadPool();
-    // Adds a job to the waiting queue for event, or directly to the job queue if event is nullptr
+    // Adds a job to the waiting queue for event
     void enqueueWaiting(Event& event, Promise* job);
-    // Adds a job to the waiting queue for event, or directly to the job queue if event is nullptr
+    // Adds a job to the waiting queue for event
     void enqueueWaiting(Event& event, MainPromise* job);
+    void scheduleJob(Promise* job);
+    void scheduleJob(MainPromise* job);
     void notify(Event& event);
     void threadLoop(const bool isMainThread);
 private:
     std::atomic_bool running;
     std::vector<std::thread> workers;
 
-    List<MainPromise*> mainJobs;
+    std::list<MainPromise*> mainJobs;
     std::mutex mainJobLock;
     std::condition_variable mainJobCV;
     
-    List<Promise*> jobQueue;
+    std::list<Promise*> jobQueue;
     std::mutex jobQueueLock;
     std::condition_variable jobQueueCV;
     
-    std::map<Event, List<MainPromise*>> waitingMainJobs;
+    std::map<Event, std::list<MainPromise*>> waitingMainJobs;
     std::mutex waitingMainLock;
 
-    std::map<Event, List<Promise*>> waitingJobs;
+    std::map<Event, std::list<Promise*>> waitingJobs;
     std::mutex waitingLock;
 };
 
@@ -283,6 +285,7 @@ inline auto JobPromiseBase<MainJob>::initial_suspend() noexcept
 {
     return std::suspend_always{};
 }
+
 template<bool MainJob>
 inline auto JobPromiseBase<MainJob>::final_suspend() const noexcept
 {

src/Engine/UI/Elements/Element.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ using namespace Seele;
 using namespace Seele::UI;
 
 Element::Element()
+    : dirty(false)
+    , enabled(false)
 {
 }
 

src/Engine/UI/RenderHierarchy.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ RenderHierarchy::~RenderHierarchy()
 
 void RenderHierarchy::addElement(PElement addedElement) 
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(updateLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(updateLock);
     updates.add(new AddElementRenderHierarchyUpdate{
         addedElement.getHandle(), 
         addedElement->getParent().getHandle()
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ void RenderHierarchy::addElement(PElement addedElement)
 
 void RenderHierarchy::removeElement(PElement elementToRemove) 
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(updateLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(updateLock);
     updates.add(new RemoveElementRenderHierarchyUpdate{
         elementToRemove.getHandle(),
     });
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ void RenderHierarchy::removeElement(PElement elementToRemove)
 
 void RenderHierarchy::moveElement(PElement elementToMove, PElement newParent) 
 {
-    std::unique_lock lock(updateLock);
+    std::scoped_lock lock(updateLock);
     updates.add(new AddElementRenderHierarchyUpdate{
         elementToMove.getHandle(),
         newParent.getHandle()
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void RenderHierarchy::updateHierarchy()
 {
     List<RenderHierarchyUpdate*> localUpdates;
     { // make a local copy of the updates so we dont hold the lock for too long
-        std::unique_lock lock(updateLock);
+        std::scoped_lock lock(updateLock);
         localUpdates = updates;
         updates.clear();
     }

src/Engine/Window/InspectorView.cpp

@@ -19,13 +19,14 @@ InspectorView::~InspectorView()
 {
 }
 
-void InspectorView::beginUpdate() 
+Job InspectorView::beginUpdate() 
 {
+    co_return;
 }
 
-void InspectorView::update() 
+Job InspectorView::update() 
 {
-    
+    co_return; 
 }
 
 void InspectorView::commitUpdate() 

src/Engine/Window/InspectorView.h

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ public:
     InspectorView(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, PWindow window, const ViewportCreateInfo &createInfo);
     virtual ~InspectorView();
 
-    virtual void beginUpdate() override;
-	virtual void update() override;
+    virtual Job beginUpdate() override;
+	virtual Job update() override;
 	virtual void commitUpdate() override;
     
     virtual void prepareRender() override;

src/Engine/Window/SceneView.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #include "Asset/AssetRegistry.h"
 #include "Scene/Actor/CameraActor.h"
 #include "Scene/Components/CameraComponent.h"
+#include "Scene/Components/MyComponent.h"
+#include "Scene/Components/MyOtherComponent.h"
 
 using namespace Seele;
 
@@ -28,19 +30,24 @@ Seele::SceneView::SceneView(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, PWindow owner, const Viewpo
     AssetRegistry::importFile("C:\\Users\\Dynamitos\\TestSeeleProject\\Assets\\Ely\\Ely.fbx");
     AssetRegistry::importFile("C:\\Users\\Dynamitos\\TestSeeleProject\\Assets\\Cube\\cube.obj");
     AssetRegistry::importFile("C:\\Users\\Dynamitos\\TestSeeleProject\\Assets\\Plane\\plane.fbx");
-    srand(time(NULL));
-    for(uint32 i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
-    {
+ 
     PPrimitiveComponent ayaka = new PrimitiveComponent(AssetRegistry::findMesh("Ayaka"));
-        ayaka->addWorldTranslation(Vector(((float)rand() / RAND_MAX) * 100, 0,  ((float)rand()/RAND_MAX) * 100));
+    ayaka->addWorldTranslation(Vector(0, 0, 0));
     ayaka->setWorldScale(Vector(10, 10, 10));
     scene->addPrimitiveComponent(ayaka);
-    }
 
     PPrimitiveComponent plane = new PrimitiveComponent(AssetRegistry::findMesh("plane"));
     plane->setWorldScale(Vector(100, 100, 100));
     scene->addPrimitiveComponent(plane);
 
+    PMyComponent myComp = new MyComponent();
+    PMyOtherComponent myOtherComp = new MyOtherComponent();
+    PActor actor = new Actor();
+    actor->setRootComponent(myComp);
+    myComp->addChildComponent(myOtherComp);
+    scene->addActor(actor);
+    scene->start();
+    
     PRenderGraphResources resources = new RenderGraphResources();
     depthPrepass.setResources(resources);
     lightCullingPass.setResources(resources);
@@ -59,13 +66,16 @@ Seele::SceneView::~SceneView()
 {
 }
 
-void SceneView::beginUpdate() 
+Job SceneView::beginUpdate() 
 {
-    scene->tick(Gfx::currentFrameDelta);
+    co_await scene->beginUpdate(Gfx::currentFrameDelta);
+    co_return;
 }
 
-void SceneView::update() 
+Job SceneView::update() 
 {
+    co_await scene->commitUpdate();
+    co_return;
 }
 
 void SceneView::commitUpdate() 

src/Engine/Window/SceneView.h

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ class SceneView : public View
 public:
 	SceneView(Gfx::PGraphics graphics, PWindow owner, const ViewportCreateInfo &createInfo);
 	~SceneView();
-	virtual void beginUpdate() override;
-	virtual void update() override;
+	virtual Job beginUpdate() override;
+	virtual Job update() override;
 	virtual void commitUpdate() override;
 
 	virtual void prepareRender() override;

src/Engine/Window/View.h

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ public:
 	virtual ~View();
 	
 	// These are called from the view thread, and handle updating game data
-	virtual void beginUpdate() = 0;
-	virtual void update() = 0;
+	virtual Job beginUpdate() = 0;
+	virtual Job update() = 0;
 	// End frame is called with a lock, so it is safe to write to shared memory
 	virtual void commitUpdate() = 0;
 

src/Engine/Window/Window.cpp

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ MainJob Window::render()
         co_await windowView->updateFinished;
         windowView->updateFinished.reset();
         {
-            std::unique_lock lock(windowView->workerMutex);
+            std::scoped_lock lock(windowView->workerMutex);
             windowView->view->prepareRender();
         }
         windowView->view->render();
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Job Window::viewWorker(size_t viewIndex)
     windowView->view->beginUpdate();
     windowView->view->update();
     {
-        std::unique_lock lock(windowView->workerMutex);
+        std::scoped_lock lock(windowView->workerMutex);
         windowView->view->commitUpdate();
     }
     //std::cout << "Update completed" << std::endl;

src/Engine/Window/WindowManager.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void WindowManager::notifyWindowClosed(PWindow window)
     windows.remove(windows.find(window));
     if(windows.empty())
     {
-        std::unique_lock lock(windowsLock);
+        std::scoped_lock lock(windowsLock);
         windowsCV.notify_all();
     }
 }

test/Engine/Containers/Array.cpp

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(clear)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(array.size(), 3);
     array.clear();
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(array.size(), 0);
+    array.add(2);
 }
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(remove_keeporder)
 {
@@ -113,6 +114,44 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(random_access)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(array[0], 4);
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(copy)
+{
+    Array<uint8> array;
+    array.add(0);
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add(2);
+    array.add(3);
+    Array<uint8> copy = array;
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(array.begin(), array.end(), copy.begin(), copy.end());
+    Array<uint8> copy2(copy);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(array.begin(), array.end(), copy2.begin(), copy2.end());
+}
+
+class BaseElement
+{
+    uint64 test;
+};
+
+class BaseContainer
+{
+    Array<BaseElement> elements;
+};
+
+class DerivedContainer : public BaseContainer
+{
+    uint64 test;
+};
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(virtual_classes)
+{
+    Array<DerivedContainer> array(64);
+    for(uint32 i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
+    {
+        Array<DerivedContainer> copy = array;
+        BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(array.size(), copy.size());
+    }
+}
+
 class TestStruct
 {
 public:

test/Engine/EngineTest.h

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
+#include <vld.h>
+#include "ThreadPool.h"
 
 namespace Seele
 {
@@ -6,6 +8,7 @@ namespace Seele
     {
         GlobalFixture()
         {
+            _CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF);
         }
         ~GlobalFixture()
         {

test/Engine/ThreadPool.cpp

@@ -23,13 +23,18 @@ Job basicThenThird()
     co_return;
 }
 
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(basic_then)
+Job basicThenBase()
 {
-    basicThenFirst()
-        .then(basicThenSecond())
-        .then(basicThenThird());
+    co_await basicThenFirst();
+    co_await basicThenSecond();
+    co_await basicThenThird();
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(basic_then)
+{
+    basicThenBase();
+}
+/*
 uint64 basicAllState1 = 0;
 uint64 basicAllState2 = 0;
 Job basicAllFirst()
@@ -69,6 +74,6 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(basic_callable)
             BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(basicCallable, 10);
             co_return;
         });
-}
+}*/
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()